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Midterml Exam:l NRl 565/l NR565l (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Advancedl Pharmacologyl Fundamentalsl Guide|l Weeksl 1-4l Covered|l Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l - Chamberlain
Q:l Glucocorticoidsl Forl Gout
Answer:
·l Prednisonel givenl orallyl orl triamcinolonel IMl isl highlyl effectivel forl relievingl goutl flare.l Secondl choicel tol NSAID.·l Usel mainlyl ifl ptl isl unresponsivel tol NSAIDl orl hasl al contraindication.·l Avoidl inl patientsl withl hyperglycemia
Q:l NSAIDSl inl Gout
Answer:
·l Firstl drugl ofl choicel forl goutl flare.·l Suppressl inflammation,l startl asl soonl asl possiblel afterl symptoml onset.·l Mostl experiencel markedl reliefl withinl 24l hours.·l Indomethacin,l naproxen,l diclofenacl sodiuml (voltaren)
Q:l NSAIDs:l Beer'sl Criteria
Answer:
·l Beersl criterial listsl bothl indomethacinl andl naproxenl amongl drugsl consideredl potentiallyl inappropriatel forl patientsl >65y/o.·l Indomethacinl carriesl highestl riskl ofl alll NSAIDS ·l Colchicinel canl bel dangerousl forl olderl patientsl duel tol renall andl hepaticl impairment 1 / 4
Q:l Allopurinoll (Zyloprim):l MOA
Answer:
·l Al Xanthinel Oxidasel Inhibitorl forl uratel loweringl therapy.l Goall isl seruml uratel tol bel lessl thanl 6mg/dL recommendedl forl individualsl whol frequentlyl experiencel acutel goutl episodesl (≥2l annually).·l Promotesl dissolutionl ofl uratel crystalsl andl preventsl newl formationl andl preventsl diseasel progression.·l Treatmentl ofl choicel forl chronicl tophaceousl gout.Allopurinoll andl itsl metabolite,l alloxanthine,l targetl xanthinel oxidase,l anl enzymel cruciall forl convertingl purinesl intol uricl acid,l thel substancel responsiblel forl goutl whenl itl accumulatesl excessivelyl inl thel blood.l Byl inhibitingl thisl enzyme,l allopurinoll effectivelyl reducesl uricl acidl production,l loweringl itsl levelsl inl thel bloodstream.l Thisl actionl helpsl preventl thel formationl ofl newl uratel crystalsl andl assistsl inl dissolvingl existingl ones,l alleviatingl goutl symptoms,l andl preventingl attacks.
Q:l Hyperuricemial inl Children
Answer:
Allopurinoll mayl bel usedl inl childrenl underl sixl yearsl oldl forl hyperuricemial relatedl tol cancerl therapy.Probenecidl canl bel administeredl tol childrenl 2l yearsl old Considerl thel abilityl ofl thel familyl tol managel al medicationl regimen.Considerl alteredl pharmacokineticsl basedl onl age.Usel lowestl dosel ofl indomethacinl forl thel shortestl amountl ofl time Dol notl givel Colchicinel forl patientl youngerl thanl 16
Q:l Uricosuricl Agentl (Probenecid)
Answer:
·l Treatsl goutl byl increasingl thel excretionl ofl uricl acid.l Byl decreasingl seruml uricl acidl itl alsol preventsl formationl ofl newl tophil andl facilitatesl regressionl ofl existingl tophi.·l Inhibitsl reabsorptionl ofl uricl acidl atl renall tubules 2 / 4
Thisl isl usefull forl long-terml goutl therapy.l Inl initiall therapy,l probenecidl mayl inducel acutel goutl attacks.l Onlyl initiatel oncel acutel goutl attackl hasl beenl controlled Canl alsol bel employedl tol prolongl thel effectsl ofl certainl antibiotics,l includingl penicillinl andl cephalosporins.
Q:l Calciuml Supplementsl andl Drugl Interaction
Answer:
·l Calciuml saltsl treatl hypocalcemia.·l Protonl pumpl inhibitorsl canl reducel absorptionl ofl calciuml carbonatel byl increasingl gastricl pH.l (calciuml citratel isl notl dependentl onl pHl forl absorption) ·l Takingl calciuml withl mealsl helpsl increasel absorption.·l Glucocorticoidsl reducel orall calciuml absorption,l causingl osteoporosisl inl longl terml use.·l Calciuml reducesl absorptionl ofl Tetracyclinel andl quinolonel antibiotics,l thyroidl hormone,l antiseizurel medl phenytoinl andl bisphosphonate ·l Thiazidel diureticsl decreasel renall calciuml excretionl andl mayl causel hypercalcemia ·l Loopl diureticsl increasel calciuml andl canl causel hypocalcemia ·l Parenterall calciuml canl causel severel bradycardial inl patientsl takingl digoxin ·l Dol notl takel orall calciuml withl oxalicl acidl foodsl suchl asl spinach,l rhubarb,l swissl chard,l beets.
Q:l Alendronatel (Fosamax)
Answer:
·l Mostl widelyl usedl orall bisphosphonate.l First-linel choicel forl thel preventionl andl treatmentl ofl osteoporosisl inl postmenopausall patients.l Preventsl bonel reabsorptionl causedl byl osteoclasts.·l Treatsl glucocorticoid-inducedl osteoporosisl (GIOP)l andl Pagetsl disease Causesl decreasel inl bonel resorption,l whichl helpsl tol increasel bonel minerall density,l reducel thel riskl ofl fractures,l andl restorel bonel structurel inl individualsl withl osteoporosisl orl otherl bone-relatedl diseases.·l Rapidlyl takenl upl byl bonel andl canl stayl therel forl yearsl orl decades.l Decreasesl numberl andl activityl ofl osteoclasts.
Q:l Alendronatel Administration
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Answer:
·l Necessaryl forl properl absorptionl andl tol diminishl esophageall injury.·l Practicallyl nonel isl absorbedl whenl takenl withl foodl orl fluid.·l Takel inl thel morningl onl emptyl stomachl (otherl thanl water)l andl dol notl consumel anythingl forl 30l minutes.·l Waitl 2l hoursl priorl tol takingl anyl calciuml orl minerall supplementl orl antiacid.·l Swallowl wholel withl al fulll glassl ofl water,l sittingl orl standingl uprightl tol avoidl esophagitis.l Remainl uprightl forl 30l minutes
Q:l Calcitoninl (Miacalcin)
Answer:
·l Hormonel producedl byl thel thyroidl glandl tol Opposel thel effectsl ofl PTHl andl Vitaminl Dl andl decreasel calciuml levelsl inl thel bloodl whenl theyl becomel tool high.·l Calcitoninl lowersl calciuml levelsl byl inhibitingl reabsorptionl ofl calciuml froml bonel byl inhibitingl osteoclastsl froml breakingl itl downl andl increasingl excretionl byl thel kidneyl byl preventl tubularl reabsorption.·l Hasl nol influencel onl intestinall absorptionl ofl calcium.·l Givenl nasallyl asl al sprayl orl byl injection.·l Treatsl osteoporosis,l Paget'sl diseasel andl hypercalcemia Ptl shouldl takel supplementall calciuml andl vitaminl D
Q:l Cinacalcetl (Sensipar)
Answer:
·l Approvedl forl managementl ofl hyperparathyroidisml forl thosel unablel tol havel parathyroidl removedl (primaryl choice)l andl forl thosel withl hypercalcemial causedl byl parathyroidl cancerl orl CKD.·l Typicallyl prescribedl byl endocrinologists.Hyperparathyroidisml causesl hypercalcemial andl lowersl seruml phosphate.l Hypercalcemial causesl skeletall musclel weakness,l constipationl andl CNSl depression.l Hypercalcemial canl causel renall calculi
Q:l Cinacalcet:l MOA
Answer:
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