MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO

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MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO

UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM WITH

CORRECT SOLUTIONS.

MI - correct answer- Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow

What causes cell death in MI? - correct answer- unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die

What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - correct answer- hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen

How is MI diagnosed - correct answer- EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)

What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - correct answer- elevated CK MB, Troponin

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Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - correct answer- Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart muscle

• mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -

correct answer- ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS

define reperfussion injury - correct answer- injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion

how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - correct answer- as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response

how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - correct answer- RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable

what is primary Hypertension? - correct answer- Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension? 2 / 3

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what is secondary hypertension? - correct answer- Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds

what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - correct answer- persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO

what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - correct answer- stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage

what is preload? - correct answer- volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

what is afterload? - correct answer- peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump

hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - correct answer- overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.

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