MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1) Those who study cognitive development of adolescents are interested in1) _______

• adolescents' social relationships.
• hormonal changes that take place during adolescence.
• intellectual capabilities of adolescents.
• the biological makeup of the body.

2) The ________ perspective seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

2) _______

• evolutionary B) sociocultural C) bioecological D) psychoanalytic

3) Who recognized that geese are genetically pre-programmed to become attached to the first moving object that they see?

3) _______

• Lev Vygotsky B) Ivan Pavlov C) Konrad Lorenz D) B. F. Skinner

4) Late adolescence approximately covers the age range of4) _______

• 10 to 13 years. B) 8 to 12 years. C) 14 to 17 years. D) 18 to 22 years.

5) Those who study social and personality development of adolescents are interested in 5) _______

• adolescents' social relationships.
• changes in adolescents' decision-making processes.
• intellectual capabilities of adolescents.
• the biological makeup of the body.

6) An advantage of a sequential study is that6) _______

• it allows researchers to identify age-related changes and differences.
• research participants are more likely to give an honest answer during the study.
• it prevents participants from becoming test-wise.
• it prevents participants from dropping out of the study.

7) Kirsten is a developmental psychologist who is doing research about adolescents' decision-making processes. Kirsten is studying

7) _______

• physical development.B) social and personality development.
• bioecological development.D) cognitive development.

8) A middle school teacher attempted to improve the behavior of her class by rewarding her students for good behavior. This approach is most consistent with which of the following developmental perspectives?

8) _______

• psychosocial perspectiveB) Piaget's perspective of development
• social-cognitive perspectiveD) operant conditioning perspective

9) Piaget's theory of development focuses on9) _______

• qualitative changes in thinking as people grow older.
• learning from reinforcements.
• social cognitions based on observing and learning from the behaviors of others.
• quantitative changes in thinking as people grow older.

10) The ________ focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.

10) ______

• learning perspectiveB) psychoanalytic perspective

Adolescence 1e Robert Feldman (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answers At The End Of Each Chapter 1 / 4

• cognitive perspectiveD) behavioral perspective

11) When researchers use the term continuous change, they are referring to11) ______

• specific, atypical changes in adolescents' environments that occur on a daily basis.
• biological and environmental changes that take place continuously over several days.
• gradual changes with achievements at one level building on previous levels.
• changes that occur in distinct stages or steps.

12) Which of the following is a criticism of the Piaget's cognitive perspective? 12) ______

• Piaget's cognitive perspective focuses too much on operant learning.
• Piaget's cognitive perspective overemphasizes the universality of cognitive stages.
• Piaget's cognitive perspective focuses too much on unconscious influences.
• Piaget's cognitive perspective overemphasizes schemes.

13) The field of study that examines how our biological makeup influences our behaviors is13) ______

• sociology. B) anthropology. C) ethology. D) bioecology.

14) A form of learning in which a person learns by observing the behavior of another person is14) ______

• reinforcements.B) classical conditioning.
• modeling.D) operant conditioning.

15) Personality is the study of15) ______

• how to overcome being shy and be more outgoing.
• ways in which people interact with other people.
• stability and change in enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another.
• how people change to fit into society.

16) Of the following, who recognized cultural influences as central components to development?16) ______

• Ivan PavlovB) Sigmund Freud
• Lev VygotskyD) B. F. Skinner

17) The information-processing perspective focuses on17) ______

• quantitative changes in how information is processed as people grow older.
• reinforcements that people experience in their everyday environments.
• processing of unconscious influences.
• qualitative stages in how thinking changes as people grow older.

18) The term ethnicity refers to a18) ______

• political category.B) biological concept.
• cultural background.D) ideological category.

19) The perspective of development that suggests it is more important to examine observable behaviors than unconscious influences is the

19) ______

• stage perspective.B) social-cognitive perspective.
• behavioral perspective.D) psychoanalytic perspective.

20) A study that collects data from adolescents of different ages at a single point in time is best described as a(n)

20) ______

• longitudinal study.B) sequential study.
• age-based study.D) cross-sectional study.

21) The connections between the various aspects of an adolescent's microsystem is the 21) ______ 2 / 4

• exosystem. B) macrosystem. C) microsystem. D) mesosystem.

22) The perspective of development that examines adolescent development through the lens of brain processes is the

22) ______

• cognitive neuroscience perspective. B) psychoanalytic perspective.
• behavioral perspective. D) social-cognitive perspective.

23) Which of the following is a criticism of the behavioral perspective? 23) ______

• The behavioral perspective focuses too much on mistakes that young children make when

they attempt to use reason and logic.

• The behavioral perspective overemphasizes qualitative stages.
• The behavioral perspective focuses too much on unconscious influences.
• The behavioral perspective is overly simplistic.

24) Urie Bronfenbrenner is most closely associated with the 24) ______

• social-cognitive perspective. B) psychoanalytic perspective.
• bioecological perspective. D) behavioral perspective.

25) Middle adolescence approximately covers the age range of 25) ______

• 8 to 12 years. B) 10 to 13 years. C) 14 to 17 years. D) 18 to 22 years.

26) Schemes are 26) ______

• organized mental patterns representing behaviors and actions.
• adolescents' reinforcement schedules.
• adolescents' patterns of behavior.
• adolescents' quantitative understandings of their social world.

27) The contextual perspective focuses on 27) ______

• qualitative stages in how thinking changes as people grow older.
• quantitative changes in how information is processed as people grow older.
• relationships between adolescents and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social

worlds.

• reinforcements that people experience in their everyday environments.

28) Biological and environmental challenges shared by adolescents who lived in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 2005 and share experiences associated with hurricane Katrina are examples of

28) ______

• history-graded influences. B) age-graded influences.
• sociocultural-graded influences. D) nonnormative life events.

29) Early adolescence approximately covers the age range of 29) ______

• 14 to 17 years. B) 18 to 22 years. C) 10 to 13 years. D) 8 to 12 years.

30) The term nurture refers to 30) ______

• traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one's parents.
• environmental influences that shape behavior.
• biological and environmental changes that take place continuously over several days.
• normative and natural developmental pathways for adolescents.

31) Who is most closely associated with the psychodynamic perspective? 31) ______

• Jean Piaget B) B. F. Skinner
• Ivan Pavlov D) Sigmund Freud
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32) A group of people born at around the same time and place is known as a 32) ______

• cohort. B) clique. C) peer group. D) microsystem.

33) Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes 33) ______

• daily reinforcements one receives in the environment.
• the interconnectedness of the influences of development.
• cognitive neuroscience processes.
• how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions.

34) The idea that a person's behavior is partially the result of unconscious influences is most consistent with

34) ______

• operant conditioning. B) social-cognitive theory.
• social-learning theory. D) psychoanalytic theories.

35) History-graded influences are 35) ______

• specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person's life at a time when such events

do not happen to most adolescents.

• social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual.
• biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age

group, regardless of when or where they were raised.

• biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment.

36) Adolescence is a period of transitions in 36) ______

• biology. B) cognitive abilities.
• personality. D) all of the above.

37) Professor Nathan was studying how hormones are related to changes in adolescents' brains. His research focus is on

37) ______

• bioecological development. B) physical development.
• cognitive development. D) social and personality development.

38) The term nature refers to 38) ______

• normative and natural developmental pathways for adolescents.
• biological and environmental changes that take place continuously over several days.
• traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one's parents.
• environmental influences that shape behavior.

39) Sociocultural-graded influences are 39) ______

• biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age

group, regardless of when or where they were raised.

• biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment.
• social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual.
• specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person's life at a time when such events

do not happen to most adolescents.

40) The phrase sturm und drang was created by 40) ______

• G. Stanley Hall. B) Jean Piaget.
• Sigmund Freud. D) Erik Erikson.

41) The perspective of development that examines the relationships between adolescents and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds is the

41) ______

• cognitive neuroscience perspective. B) social-cognitive perspective.
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