MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? 1) _______

• Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.
• Living things are made of cells.
• Matter is composed of atoms.
• Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms.

2) Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the ________ jar.

2) _______

• experimental B) conclusive C) hypothetical D) control

3) You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing

3) _______

• evolving. B) reproducing.
• maintaining precise internal conditions. D) responding to stimuli.

4) The "first cells" shown at the bottom of this illustration were most likely

4) _______

• animals.
• prokaryotes.
• fungi.
• protists.
• plants.

5) In evolutionary terms, which of the following cells is considered to be the most primitive? 5) _______

• Autotroph B) Eukaryote C) Heterotroph D) Prokaryote

6) Which group has prokaryotic individuals? 6) _______

• Protist kingdoms
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Animalia

(Biology Life on Earth with Physiology 12e Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce Byers) (Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified) (Answer at the end of each Chapter) 1 / 4

• Domain Archaea

7) Suppose an organism has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitely influence the organism's ability to

7) _______

• obtain energy. B) maintain homeostasis.
• evolve. D) move.

8) Of the following levels of organization, Archaea have 8) _______

• molecules only.
• organs only.
• atoms and molecules.
• atoms, molecules, and organs.
• atoms only.

9) All of the following are true of all living organisms EXCEPT that they 9) _______

• possess either DNA or RNA.
• respond to stimuli.
• are made of cells.
• can reproduce themselves.
• can grow.

10) Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? 10) ______

• Living objects are composed of cells.
• If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living.
• All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up."
• Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.

11) Using its antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne chemicals, called pheromones, upwind from the female producing them. This is an example of how living things

11) ______

• reproduce.
• acquire nutrients.
• grow.
• detect and respond to stimuli.
• maintain precise internal conditions.

12) A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a

12) ______

• hypothesis.
• theory.
• postulate.
• control.
• fact.

13) Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because 13) ______

• faith requires deductive reasoning.
• scientists are not able to study human behavior.
• faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove.
• there aren't enough variables.

14) In which kingdom does a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong? 14) ______

• Animalia B) Protists C) Plantae D) Fungi 2 / 4

15) Dinosaurs are not alive today because they 15) ______

• evolved too quickly in response to a changing environment.
• did not possess the genetic material that beneficial mutations act on.
• did not evolve fast enough to keep up with rapid environmental change.
• evolved adaptations that were beneficial in their constant, unchanging environment.

16) To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the

16) ______

• group receiving vitamin D. B) average weight gain of the rats.
• 2-month period of time. D) group receiving saline.

17) A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell 17) ______

• is considerably larger.
• possesses membrane-bound organelles.
• lacks a nucleus.
• is structurally more complex.
• lacks DNA.

18) The variation among individuals, on which natural selection acts, describes 18) ______

• physical training and exercise.
• genetic differences.
• nutritional differences.
• random occurrences in the lifetimes of individuals.

19) All of the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT 19) ______

• hypothesis formulation.
• supernatural causes.
• deductive reasoning.
• repeatable by other scientists.
• observation and experimentation.

20) After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms

20) ______

• evolve in response to the environment.
• maintain cellular organization.
• are immune to weak acids.
• maintain precise internal conditions through homeostasis.

21) All of the following are examples of adaptations EXCEPT 21) ______

• different beak shapes for birds that eat seeds or insects.
• mice learning a maze to get food.
• flower coloration that attracts pollinators.
• larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood.
• insects that resemble twigs.

22) Which of these would be an example of a NON-scientific study? 22) ______

• NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development.
• A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one

produces the most sales. 3 / 4

• People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness

against the flu virus.

• A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks.
• Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce.

23) Which is NOT an example of evolution? 23) ______

• The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides in killing insects
• The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
• Flightless birds living on islands without predators
• Annual changes in the flu virus due to mutations
• A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept

24) A mutation is a 24) ______

• dose of radiation.
• defective egg or sperm cell.
• physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb.
• change in the DNA sequence.

25) An organism in the domain Eukarya is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT 25) ______

• the ability to maintain precise internal conditions.
• ingestion of organic matter to acquire nutrients.
• the potential to grow and reproduce.
• being composed of prokaryotic cells.

26) Why do heterotrophs require "food" for survival? 26) ______

• Heterotrophs cannot photosynthesize without the chemicals provided by food.
• Food is an alternative source of energy for heterotrophs when sunlight is unavailable.
• Food provides at least half of the water required by heterotrophs.
• Food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs.

27) A scientific explanation that is conditional and requires more investigation is called a(n) 27) ______

• observation.
• control.
• theory.
• hypothesis.
• fact.

28) Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the

28) ______

• rate of reproduction.
• ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli.
• genetic makeup of the species, due to mutations.
• species' physical appearance.
• energy and nutritional demands of the organism.

29) Which of the following statements about the Bacteria and Eukarya domains is TRUE? 29) ______

• All members of Bacteria are single-celled and all members of Eukarya are multicellular.
• All members of Bacteria acquire nutrients via ingestion and all members of Eukarya

acquire nutrients by photosynthesis.

• All members of Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and all members of Eukarya are eukaryotic

cells.

• Only members of Eukarya have the ability to grow and reproduce.
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