Must know everything in YELLOW for

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2.Affective 3.Behavioural Must know everything in YELLOW for exam!

Chapter 2 – Attitudes 1.

1.i.This is a description or belief about the ways things are, it sets the stage for the next component.i.Displays the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude, this spawns the next component.i.This describes the intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something 2.

1.Attitude follows behaviour, a person’s attitude towards someone or something will change according to their behaviour. To reduce dissonance between what is said and what is done.(Attitude is a way of thinking,feeling, belief, or opinion of approval or disapproval towards something. Behavior is an action or reaction that occurs in response to an event or internal stimuli (i.e., thought).) 3.

1.Usually when people speak about attitude people mean Job satisfaction, this means whether someone feels positively or negatively about his or her job.

2.Job involvement is the degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to their self-worth.

3.Psychological empowerment is employees’ beliefs regarding the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competencies and the meaningfulness of their job.

4.An employee with organizational commitment identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to remain a member. Emotional attachment to an organization and belief in its values is the “gold standard” for employee commitment.

5.Perceived organizational support is the degree that employees think that the company cares about their well-being. The way this is valued and perceived is heavily dependable on culture.

6.Employee engagement: An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with,

and enthusiasm for the work he or she does.

4.Measure of job satisfaction Cognitive Three components of attitudes Comparison and relation between major job attitudes Relationship between attitudes and behaviour 2 / 4

1.Job satisfaction is defined as a positive feeling about a job resulting from an 2.

i.A single question rated 1-5:” all things considered, how satisfied are you

with your job?” ii.The other measure is constructed of many different facets of job satisfaction similarly rated as the previous one, then summation of those results show the measure of satisfaction.iii.Neither measure is more accurate than the other, the simpler one however leaves time for open questions that could be of higher value to the management.

5.

1.The responses of dissatisfaction a categorized in a matrix with four outcomes: i.Exit. This response directs behaviour towards leaving the company(active/destructive) ii.Voice. Dissatisfaction expressed through active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.iii.Loyalty. This response means passively waiting for conditions to improve, speaking up against external criticism and trusting the management will do the right thing. (passive/constructive) iv.Neglect. Employees that have this response, passively allow conditions to worsen. They will have higher absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort and increased error rate. (passive/destructive) Chapter 3 – Emotions at Work 1.

1.Emotions and moods are captured under a generic term Affect

i.Emotions: intense feelings directed towards someone or something,

they are generally very brief in nature. Characterized by distinct facial

expressions, moreover can be identified as: anger, fear, sadness,

happiness etc.

ii.Moods: less intense feelings that arise without a specific event or

stimulus. They last longer than emotions, and are generally not indicated by distinct expressions.

2.

1.Brain research suggest that, one must be able to experience emotions to be able to think rational.

2.Research show that emotions are vital to critical thinking 3.

1.Personality, people have built in tendencies to experience certain affects more intensely than others.There are two measures for job satisfaction evaluation of its characteristics Validity of potential sources of emotions and moods Are emotions rational and what function do they serve?Differentiation between emotions and mood Four employee responses to dissatisfaction 3 / 4

2.Time of the day, negative affect is lowest in the morning and tends to increase over the course of the day and evening.

3.Day of the week, in most cultures people are most positive in the weekends and least positive one Mondays.

4.Weather research has shown that despite people believe good weather improves their mood, there is no evidence to support that claim.

5.Stress, Mounting levels of stress can worsen our moods, as we experience more negative emotions.

6.Sleep, the quality of sleep effects the mood of people significantly.

7.Exercise, there is a correlation between this and stress, most strongly for depressed people. The overall correlation however is not strong but it is present.

8.Age, younger people sustain bad moods for longer periods of time than older people 9.Sex, women tends to hold emotions longer and express them more often.

4.

1.While acting out different surface level emotions can be stressful. Attempting to alter deep level emotions, through rational evaluation can be relaxing.

5.

1.People react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and in turn this influences job performance and satisfaction 6.

1.Emotional intelligence is the ability to i.Perceive of one self and others ii.Understand the meaning of these emotions iii.Regulate one’s emotions 2.Evidence for emotional intelligence, suggest that people that are emotional intelligent are more successful. Intuition suggest that people can detect emotions of others and one self and can act accordingly.

3.Evidence against emotional intelligence, it cannot be measured and there is no clear definition. To many it is just a different label for personality 7.

1.One strategy is surface action, however this does not change the real emotions there for the regulation effect is minimal.

2.Deep acting has a stronger regulation, since one tries to alter the deep emotions have it is still rooted in acting. Therefore the regulation effect is limited.

3.An effective technique to loose negative emotions is venting, opposed to keeping emotions bottled up. However this touches other people and can be negative to the work environment.Strategies for emotion regulation and their likely effects Evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence Affective events theory and its implications Impact of emotional labour on employees

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