NAFI ACTUAL FINAL EXAM WITH

NAFI ACTUAL FINAL EXAM WITH

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What are the constituents of a language? - ANSWER- The constituents of a language include sounds, words, sentences, and social contexts.

What are the properties of human languages? - ANSWER- 1. Human languages consist of sounds and written symbols.
2. Human languages are used for communication.
3. Human languages have their own grammar and vocabulary.
4. Human languages are constantly evolving.
5. Human languages are unique to each culture or region.

What are the branches of linguistics? - ANSWER- The branches of linguistics include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

What is communicative competence? - ANSWER- Communicative competence refers to the ability to use language appropriately in social contexts, such as responding to questions, telling jokes, etc.

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What is linguistic knowledge? - ANSWER- Linguistic knowledge refers to the ability to speak and be understood in a language, as well as knowledge of sounds, words, and sentences.

What are the functions of language? - ANSWER- 1. Expressing thoughts, feelings, etc.
2. Making and understanding decisions.
3. Evaluating a persons qualities.
4. Describing objects, beings, and events.
5. Communicating with other human beings.
6. Exchanging ideas, knowledge, experiences, etc.

What is the study of languages called? - ANSWER- The study of languages is called linguistics.

What is language? - ANSWER- Language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols used for talking or writing.

What are pictograms? - ANSWER- Symbols representing objects, places, processes, and concepts through picturing.

What is the source of evidence used in the reconstruction of ancient writing systems? - ANSWER- Inscriptions on stone or tablets.

What is the significance of Gobekli Tepe? - ANSWER- It is the site of the worlds oldest temple and showcases the development of complex societies.

What is the difference between pictograms and ideograms? - ANSWER- Pictograms are more picture-like forms representing specific objects, while ideograms are more abstract forms representing concepts.

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What does it mean for a symbol to be a pictogram? - ANSWER- A symbol representing an object, where a conventional relationship exists between the symbol and its interpretation.

What is the purpose of cave drawings? - ANSWER- Recording and commemorating important events.

What is the difference between cave drawings and pictorial writing? - ANSWER- Cave drawings are products of the tradition of drawing pictures, while pictorial writing involves the consistent use of certain pictures to convey specific meanings.

What is the function of modern pictograms? - ANSWER- To have universal meanings and be easily understood by people from different cultures and languages.

How did the scientist couple Allen and Beatrix Gardner teach Washoe to communicate? - ANSWER- The Gardeners raised Washoe like a human child, using a version of American Sign Language as the communication system.

Give an example of a language convention. - ANSWER- An example of a language convention is that when making an apology, it is expected to have a sad expression on your face.

Can animals produce human language? - ANSWER- It is highly unlikely that animals can produce human language, as they do not have the physical vocal tract to articulate the sounds used in speech.

Why is it important to follow language conventions? - ANSWER- It is important to follow language conventions because they help ensure effective communication and understanding within a particular community of language users. 3 / 4

What are language conventions? - ANSWER- Language conventions are the established practices and rules of language that are developed by the users of the language.

Can animals understand human language? - ANSWER- While some humans believe that animals can understand human language, it is unlikely that they can truly comprehend the meaning of words and sentences.

What impressive abilities did Washoe demonstrate in using sign language? - ANSWER- Washoe was able to use signs for more than a hundred words, combine signs to form sentences, and even invented her own combinations, showing the potential for productivity in her communication system.

What is elision? - ANSWER- Elision is the process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberate and careful pronunciation of a word in isolation.

What is the purpose of investigating assimilation and elision? - ANSWER- The purpose is to understand the regularities and patterns that underlie the actual use of sounds in language.

Give an example of assimilation in everyday speech. - ANSWER- In the phrase I have to go, the voiceless sound /t/ in to assimilates the preceding sound, resulting in a voiceless version of the sound /v/, making it sound like /f/. So, we typically say [hæftə] in this phrase.

Give an example of elision in everyday speech. - ANSWER- In the phrase you and me, the /d/ sound of and is not included in the pronunciation due to the preceding

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