Name: Class: Date: - Chapter 01 Forensic Science and Observation Cop...

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 01 Forensic Science and Observation Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1.Trained investigators know to collect evidence based on its potential importance.

• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: The trained investigator collects all available evidence, without making judgments about its potential importance. That comes later. Knowing which evidence is significant requires the ability to recreate the series of events preceding the crime. The first step is careful and accurate observation.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE?

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/7/2020 3:50 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:15 PM

2.Using the scientific method requires the scientist or investigator to form a hypothesis that is based on prior knowledge or observation.

• True
• False

ANSWER: True

RATIONALE: Scientists have established a rigorous study procedure known as the scientific method. After stating the problem or question, the scientist proposes a hypothesis based on prior knowledge or observation. A hypothesis is a possible explanation of a question or problem based on prior knowledge or observation. It is not a guess.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: WHAT DO FORENSIC SCIENTISTS DO?

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/7/2020 4:20 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:15 PM

3.A perception is what a person perceives using sight, taste, hearing, smell, and touch.

• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: An observation is what a person perceives using their senses. Every single moment, we are gathering information about what is around us, through our senses—sight, taste, hearing, smell, and touch. The sensory information that we observe is delivered to our brain. Perception is our brain’s interpretation of our sensory observations after our brains have filtered and processed the information.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: OBSERVATION AND PERCEPTION

Forensic Science Fundamentals & Investigations, 3e Anthony Bertino, Patricia Bertino (Test Bank, All Chapters. 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1 / 4

Name:

Class:

Date:

Chapter 01 Forensic Science and Observation

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/7/2020 4:40 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:15 PM

• The human brain can process information directly from perception to long-term memory.
• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: Information is processed in the brain in the following order: information enters the brain through sensory inputs; we pay attention to only some of the information; this information is then processed through our perception. Of the perceived information, only a portion passes on to short-term memory, and even less of that information then becomes long-term memory.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: OBSERVATION AND PERCEPTION

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 9:46 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:15 PM

• After years of use, experts agree that showing a six-person photo collection to an eyewitness is beneficial for

identifying the perpetrator of a crime.

• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: An eyewitness is a person who has seen someone or something related to a crime and can communicate their observations. Memory fades with time, and our brains tend to fill in details that we feel are appropriate but may not be accurate. The use of “six packs” of photos (six-person photo collection) by law enforcement agencies is under review. Some experts feel their use prejudices witnesses who want to be helpful and feel the suspect must be in the photo array.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: EYEWITNESS OBSERVATION

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 9:50 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:16 PM

• Often what a witness thought he saw and what really happened differ.
• True
• False

ANSWER: True

RATIONALE: When evaluating eyewitness testimony, the investigator must discriminate between fact, a statement 2 / 4

Name:

Class:

Date:

Chapter 01 Forensic Science and Observation

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

or information that can be verified, and opinion, a personal belief founded on judgment rather than on direct experience or knowledge. Often what we think we saw and what really happened differ.Someone fleeing the site of a shooting might look like a suspect but could merely be an innocent bystander running away in fear of being shot.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: EYEWITNESS OBSERVATION

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 9:56 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:16 PM

• Humans are not capable of paying attention to all of the details of our surroundings.
• True
• False

ANSWER: True

RATIONALE: We know that we are not naturally inclined to pay attention to all of the details of our surroundings.To be a good observer, we must make a conscious effort to examine our environment systematically.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: IMPROVING OBSERVATION SKILLS

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 9:59 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:16 PM

• A witness who is lying will repeat the events exactly the same every time.
• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: A good interviewer uses other techniques to determine if an eyewitness is telling the truth or if they are lying. If a witness is telling the truth, the account of what happened is consistent each time they tell the story. If the witness is lying, it is more difficult to repeat the events exactly the same.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 10:02 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:16 PM

• Effective interviewers provide considerable guidance to get the most information possible from an eyewitness.
• True 3 / 4

Name:

Class:

Date:

Chapter 01 Forensic Science and Observation

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: The most effective interviewers provide minimal guidance but instead ask questions that may help the person reconstruct what occurred. It is important for the interviewer to conduct the interview without interjecting any biases. By avoiding gender-specific terms such as he or she, the interviewer does not provide any information that may influence the eyewitness’s perception of what or who they saw. The goal is to play back the witness’s memory, not reconstruct it for them.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 10:07 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:17 PM

• The verbal testimony of an experienced forensic scientist can be entered into evidence during court proceedings.
• True
• False

ANSWER: False

RATIONALE: While observing, it is important to write down and photograph as much information as possible.This will become very important later when we, or our investigating team members, are using our observations to try to piece together a crime. Documentation is also important when acting as an expert witness. A judge will only accept hair evidence that has been documented in writing and with photographs taken at the crime scene. The verbal testimony of a forensic scientist alone may not be entered into evidence without the proper documentation.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: IMPROVING OBSERVATION SKILLS

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 7/8/2020 10:10 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 7/29/2020 1:17 PM

• The first step in a forensic investigation is _____.
• recreating the scene of the crime
• careful and accurate observation
• judging what evidence is significant
• to document the crime scene

ANSWER: b

RATIONALE: The trained investigator collects all available evidence, without making judgments about its potential importance. That comes later. Knowing which evidence is significant requires the ability to recreate the series of events preceding the crime. The first step is careful and accurate observation.

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy

• / 4