Name of the course: Statistics 1

1 Influence of Self-esteem and Gender on the Level of Procrastination Name Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Author Note

Student number:

Tutor’s name:

Group number: 9

Name of the course: Statistics 1

Filing date: 16 December 2022

Word count: 983 1 / 2

2 Introduction The student years are a crucial time in a person's life, during which he/her develops a feeling of maturity and identity and makes goals for the future. Educational accomplishments are significant in bolstering young people's self-confidence and capacity for constructive activities and laying the groundwork for their eventual self-actualization. However, the problem of procrastination can become an obstacle to success. People with procrastination issues may feel powerless in the face of the predicament. Procrastination, in turn, is likely to be influenced by self-esteem. People who procrastinate often have low self-esteem, which leads to a general tendency to delay or avoid tasks (Hajloo, 2014). Such behavior might help a person defend his/her self-presentation by explaining poor performance and unfavorable results by lack of time. Additionally, procrastination is associated with several personality traits and psychological concepts. Research from Lu et al. evaluated the nature of procrastination and its relationship to personality, mental health, and demographic factors (2022).Gender studies indicated differences in men's and women's procrastinating patterns. Since men have both low levels of self-control and effortful control, as well as high degrees of impulsivity, they tend to procrastinate more compared to women (Lu et al., 2022).This study investigates whether the extent of different levels of self-esteem affects the tendency to procrastinate in men and women. It was predicted that there is a negative association between self- esteem and procrastination. It also examined whether there is a difference between men and women students and procrastination. It was hypothesized that men would have higher procrastination in comparison to women.Methods Participants

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