NBEO Part 1 Exam Newest 2026-2027 Actual Exam

pg. 1

NBEO Part 1 Exam Newest 2026-2027 Actual Exam With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+

A 32-year old female is seen at your office complaining of a recent onset of blurred vision, only at a distance. A thorough case history reveals that she recently began taking a new medication which you correctly assume has induced myopia. Which of the following medications is MOST likely to be the culprit? - ANSWER-Isotretinoin, birth control pills, and diuretics, among many other drugs, can cause myopia in some patients.Myopia mostly likely results from corneal swelling, which steepens the curvature of the cornea. Drugs that cause swelling of the lens, accommodative spasm, or edema of the ciliary body will also result in myopia. A reduction in the dose of the medication or cessation of the offending drug will usually result in reversal of nearsightedness. Fish oil, Tylenol, and Tums have not been shown to have a correlation with transient myopia development.

An increased rate of molecular movement down its respective concentration gradient via help from carrier proteins refers to which type of transportation? - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion is described as the net movement of molecules down its concentration gradient whose rate of diffusion is increased via the use of carrier proteins. Passive diffusion refers to the movement of molecules through a plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of carrier molecules. Active transport implies the movement of material against its respective concentration gradient. This type of 1 / 4

pg. 2

transport requires energy and enlists the use of specific carrier proteins.Lastly, group translocation is defined as the chemical modification of a molecule while it is being transported into a cell; for example, sugars are often phosphorylated during transportation.

A 24-year old female patient presents at your office complaining of side effects that began when she started using Patanol to treat her ocular allergies. She reports complete compliance with her eye drop administration. Which of the following symptoms is MOST likely associated with olopatadine (Patanol) use? - ANSWER-Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers such as Patanol (olopatadine) are commonly prescribed to relieve the symptoms associated with ocular allergies. They are a very effective class of medication due to their dual action mechanisms. Topical antihistamines that possess this dual action are olopatadine (Patanol), ketotifen fumarate (Zaditor), azelastine (Optivar), and epinastine (Elestat). The aforementioned drops serve to alleviate itching and redness by blocking H1 receptors as well as inhibiting mast cell and basophil degranulation. Side effects of topical antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers include stinging upon instillation, headaches, and adverse taste (don't forget to inform your patients about punctual occlusion!). Tachycardia, depression, gastrointestinal discomfort, and visual hallucinations have not been reported with Patanol use.

A 63-year old female is seen at your office with a chief concern of blurry vision in the morning that takes about an hour to resolve before she can see clearly again. Biomicroscopy reveals endothelial guttata. You correctly diagnose her with moderate Fuch's dystrophy. Which ophthalmic drop would be of MOST benefit to her? - ANSWER-Sodium 2 / 4

pg. 3

chloride is a topical hyperosmotic agent used to relieve stromal edema caused by endothelial decompensation. Topical steroids work well to decrease swelling caused by inflammation. In the above case, the corneal edema is not mitigated by an inflammatory response.Tobramycin and Vigamox would be of no benefit since there is no active infection, and prescribing either of these would only lead to corneal toxicity or increased pathogen resistance over time.

A deficiency of which vitamin leads to prolonged dark adaptation? - ANSWER-A deficiency of vitamin A causes prolonged dark adaptation.Vitamin A is classified as a retinoid, and its active form is retinol.Retinol is necessary for the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment used by rods. Rods are most active in situations with dim illumination. Less rhodopsin results in fewer rods being able to respond in low levels of light, causing prolonged dark adaption.

+1.50-1.50 x 090 is required to neutralize a reflex in retinoscopy with a working distance of 50 cm. What is the resulting NET retinoscopy finding? - ANSWER-A working distance of 50 cm creates a divergent wave of 2.00 D that is neutralized by retinoscopy in addition to the patient's refractive error. Therefore, + 2.00 D must be subtracted from the spherical portion of the findings. To determine how much to subtract from the gross findings, one must first calculate the reciprocal of the working distance in meters. In our case, 1/0.5 = 2. Therefore +1.50 (the spherical gross findings) -2 = -0.50-1.50 x 090. Remember NET is the final result, this is found after the working distance has been accounted for by subtracting the working distance from the spherical portion of the findings. 3 / 4

pg. 4

A ray of light traveling in water (n=1.33) strikes a flat, transparent surface (n= 1.59) at an angle of 32 degrees from the normal. What is the angle of refraction? - ANSWER-Snell's law of refraction states that when light travels through a material that possesses an index of refraction greater than 1.0, the light rays change direction and become

bent (or refracted). Snell's law is depicted as the following: n sin i= n' sin

i' where n= the index of refraction of the first medium, i= the angle of incidence, n'= the index of the second medium, and i' = the angle of the refracted ray. All angles are measured with respect to the normal, which lies perpendicular to the interface between the different media. For the above example, 1.33(sin 32)=1.59 sin i', solving for i'= 26.31 degrees. It is important to commit the index of refraction of water to memory; it is 1.33.

A central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes tremendous damage to the retina. How will the electroretinogram (ERG) of a person who has suffered a CRAO be affected? - ANSWER-A central retinal artery occlusion will cause a loss of the b-wave which is formed by responses from the bipolar and Muller cells, both of which are nourished by the central retinal artery. The a-wave results from excitation of the photoreceptors. The a-wave will not be lost in the event of a CRAO due to the fact that photoreceptors receive their oxygen supply via the choroid.

Free radicals can cause severe damage to tissue. Which of the following electrolytes can function as an antioxidant in the aqueous? - ANSWER- The aqueous humor contains many electrolytes including Na+, K+ , Cl-,

• / 4