NBME BRS Pathology HY Latest Update -

NBME BRS Pathology HY Latest Update - 250 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Actual Exam Guaranteed A+

"Worst headache of my life", vomiting, loss of consciousness, and blood in the CSF -

CORRECT ANSWER: Subarachnoid hemorrhage

100% chance of colon cancer by midlife - CORRECT ANSWER: Familial polyposis

syndromes

Caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the APC gene with hundreds of adenomatous polyps carpeting the intestines

Abnormal proliferation of connective tissue of skin scars that results in large raised

tumor-like lesions - CORRECT ANSWER: Keloid

More common in African-Americans

Acute renal failure presenting as severe oliguria, causing death if untreated -

CORRECT ANSWER: Acute tubular necrosis

Tubules are capable of regeneration if basement membrane is intact

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER: Panacinar emphysema

Alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibits proteases, particularly elastase

Anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies with achlorhydria - CORRECT

ANSWER: Pernicious Anemia

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Parietal cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor; IF is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum

Antimelanocyte antibodies associated with cell loss in discrete areas of skin -

CORRECT ANSWER: Vitiligo

Often associated with other autoimmune disease like pernicious anemia

Arthritis associated with monosodium urate crystals in metatarsophalangeal joints

(podagra) - CORRECT ANSWER: Gout

Crystal deposits from tophi

Assocated with folate deficiency during the initial weeks of gestation - CORRECT

ANSWER: Neural tube defects

alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated in maternal serum

Associated with asbestos exposure - CORRECT ANSWER: Malignant Mesothelioma

Neoplasm of visceral or parietal pleura or peritoneal neoplasm

Associated with berry aneurysms and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage -

CORRECT ANSWER: Adult polycystic kidney disease

(APKD)

Most common cystic disease of the kidney

Associated with cardiac amyloidosis, radiation injury, and sarcoidosis - CORRECT

ANSWER: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 2 / 4

Manifests as decreased ventricular filling owing to reduced ventricular compliance

Associated with cocaine abuse, alcohol abuse, and pregnancy; can also be idiopathic -

CORRECT ANSWER: Dilated cardiomyopathy

Heart may be 3 times heavier than normal with dilation of all four chambers

Associated with SIADH and Cushing syndrome as paraneoplastic syndromes -

CORRECT ANSWER: Small cell carcinoma

Small cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis of bronchogenic carcinoma subtypes

Asterixis - CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatic (portosystemic) Encephalopathy

Flapping tremor and neurologic sign, caused by nitrogenous metabolites which cannot be detoxified by the damaged liver

Atrophy and gross depigmentation of the dopamine-producing cells of the substantia

nigra and locus coeruleus - CORRECT ANSWER: Parkinson disease

Histologically characterized by Lewy bodies which are intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions within neurons

Atrophy of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus - CORRECT ANSWER:

Huntington disease

Caudate atrophy leads to "bat wing" lateral ventricles

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Autosomal dominant disorder with multiple benign hamartomatous polyps and melanin

pigmentation of the oral mucosa, hands and genitals - CORRECT ANSWER: Peutz-

Jegher Syndrome

Ball-valve obstruction by left atrial mass - CORRECT ANSWER: Myxoma

Most common primary tumor of the heart in adults

Barrett esophagus is the only recognized precursor - CORRECT ANSWER: Esophageal

adenocarcinoma

Barrett esophagus = squamous to columnar metaplasia (specialized, intestinal type epithelium) in the distal esophagus

Basement membrane thickening resulting from nonenzymatic glycosylation - CORRECT

ANSWER: Diabetic Nephropathy

Biliary tract disease commonly seen in association with ulcerative colitis - CORRECT

ANSWER: Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Histologically characterized by onion-skin fibrosis of bile ducts

Black-blue papule with irregular borders - CORRECT ANSWER: Malignant Melanoma

Depth of invasion correlates with prognosis

Bleeding with passage of grape-like structures, increased hCG, and rapid increase in

uterine size - CORRECT ANSWER: Hydatidiform mole

Similar presentation without uterine enlargement = choriocarcinoma

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