NBME Pathology 1 Latest Update - 225

NBME Pathology 1 Latest Update - 225 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Actual Exam Guaranteed A+

_____ people are at an increased risk of keloid scar formation: - CORRECT ANSWER: African American

A benign tumor of bone: - CORRECT ANSWER: osteoma

A benign tumor of connective tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER: fibroma

A benign tumor of fat: - CORRECT ANSWER: lipoma

A benign tumor of smooth muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: Leiomyoma

A benign tumor of striated muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: rhabdomyoma

A benign tumor of the blood vessels: - CORRECT ANSWER: hemangioma

A benign tumor of the epithelium is a: - CORRECT ANSWER: adenoma, papilloma

A malignant tumor of blood vessels: - CORRECT ANSWER: angiosarcoma

A malignant tumor of blood: - CORRECT ANSWER: leukemia, lymphoma

A malignant tumor of bone: - CORRECT ANSWER: osteosarcoma

A malignant tumor of connective tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER: fibrosarcoma 1 / 3

A malignant tumor of epithelium is: - CORRECT ANSWER: adenocarcinoma, papillary carcinoma

A malignant tumor of fat: - CORRECT ANSWER: liposarcoma

A malignant tumor of smooth muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: leiomyosarcoma

A malignant tumor of striated muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: rhabdomyosarcoma

AA (secondary amyloidosis): - CORRECT ANSWER: seen with chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, spondyloarthropathy, protracted infection. Fibrils composed of serum Amyloid A, hence the "AA". Often multisystem like in AL.

ACTH: - CORRECT ANSWER: cushing syndrome-->small cell lung carcinoma

Actinic keratosis: - CORRECT ANSWER: SCC of skin

ACUTE cellular response in inflammation: - CORRECT ANSWER: PMN, eosinophil and Ab mediated. Rapid onset (secs to mins) and lasts mins to days. Possible outcomes: complete resolution, abscess formation, or progression to chronic inflammation.

ADH: - CORRECT ANSWER: SIADH-->small cell lung carcinoma, intracranial neoplasms

Age-related (senile) systemic amyloidosis: - CORRECT ANSWER: due to deposition of normal (wild-type) TTR in myocardium and other sites. It has a slower progression of cardiac dysfunction as compared with AL amyloidosis.

AIDS: - CORRECT ANSWER: aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin) and Kaposi sarcoma 2 / 3

AL (Primary amyloidosis): - CORRECT ANSWER: Due to deposition of proteins from Ig Light Chains (Hence the "L" in AL). This can occur as a plasma cell disorder or as associated with MM. Often affects multiple organ systems such as renal (nephrotic syndrome) and cardiac (restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia), hematologic (easy bruising), GI (hepatomegaly), and neurologic (neuropathy).

Alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER: blood--leukemia / lymphoma

alpha-fetoprotein: - CORRECT ANSWER: normally made by the fetus. hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (when secreted with beta-hCG)

Anaplasia: - CORRECT ANSWER: Loss of structural differentiation and function of cells, resembling primitive cells of the same tissue. **Often equated with undifferentiated malignant neoplasms** May see 'GIANT CELLS' with a single large nucleus or several nuclei.

Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ: - CORRECT ANSWER: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness)-->small cell lung carcinoma

Apoptosis: - CORRECT ANSWER: Programmed cell death. REQUIRES ATP. Can occur via the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, both of which involve activation of cytosolic caspases which mediate cellular breakdown. ***Unlike necrosis, apoptosis does not involve significant inflammation. Involves eosinophilic cytoplasm, cell shrinkage, pyknosis and basophilia, membrane blebbing and karyorrhexis, and formation of apoptotic bodies which are phagocytosed. **DNA laddering is a sensitive indicator of apoptosis** Occurs because during karyorrhexis endonucleases yield 180bp fragments.

Areas of colon: - CORRECT ANSWER: splenish flexure, colon

Areas of heart: - CORRECT ANSWER: Subendocardium (LV)

• / 3