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NBRC/l CRT/l RRTl Examl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l Completel Guide|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Rales
Answer:
-cracklesl -secretions/fluid
Q:l Coarsel rales
Answer:
-rhonchi -LARGEl airwayl secretions -needsl suctioning
Q:l mediuml rales
Answer:
-middlel airwayl secretions -needsl CPT
Q:l Finel rales
Answer:
-fluidl inl alveoli -CHF,l pulmonaryl edema -IPPB,l heartl drugs,l diureticsl andl O2
Q:l Wheeze
Answer:
-duel tol bronchospasm 1 / 4
-bronchodilatorl Tx -unilaterall wheezel indicativel ofl al foreignl bodyl obstruction
Q:l stridor
Answer:
-upperl airwayl obstruction -supraglotticl swellingl (epiglottitis)l (thumbl sign) -subglotticl swellingl (croup,l postextubation)l (steeplel sign) -foreignl bodyl aspiration -Racemicl epinephrine -intubationl ifl MARKEDl stridor -Laterall neckl Xrayl forl confirmation
Q:l Pleurall frictionl rub
Answer:
-coarsel gratingl orl crunchingl sound -viscerall andl parietall pleural rubbingl together -associatedl withl TB,l pneumonia,l pulmonaryl infarction,l cancer -steroidsl andl antibiotics
Q:l Heartl Soundl S₁
Answer:
-closurel ofl thel mitrall andl tricuspidl valvesl atl thel beginningl ofl ventricularl contraction
Q:l Heartl Soundl S₂
Answer:
-closurel ofl pulmonicl andl aorticl valves -occursl whenl systolel ends;l ventriclesl relax
Q:l Heartl Soundl S₃
Answer:
-abnormall andl mayl suggestl CHF
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Q:l Heartl Soundl S₄
Answer:
-abnormall andl indicativel ofl cardiacl abnormalityl suchl asl myocardiall infarctionl orl cardiomegaly
Q:l Heartl murmurs
Answer:
-soundsl causedl byl turbulentl bloodl flow -heartl valvel defectsl orl congenitall heartl abnormalities -canl occurl whenl bloodl isl pushedl throughl anl abnormall openingl (ASD,l PDA)
Q:l Bruits
Answer:
-soundsl madel inl anl arteryl orl veinl whenl bloodl flowl becomesl turbulentl orl flowsl atl anl abnormall speed.l -usuallyl heardl vial stethoscopel overl thel identifiedl vessell (carotidl artery)
Q:l Bloodl pressure
Answer:
-systolicl andl diastolicl pressures -sphygmomanometerl tol measurel cuffl pressures -↑BPl =l cardiacl stressl =l hypoxemia -↓BPl =l poorl perfusionl =l hypovolemia,l CHF
Q:l Costophrenicl Angle
Answer:
-anglel madel byl thel outerl curvel ofl thel diaphragml andl thel chestl wall -obliteratedl byl pleurall effusionsl andl pneumonia
Q:l Diaphragm
Answer: 3 / 4
-domel shapedl normally -flattenedl withl COPD -hemidiaphragmsl mayl shiftl downwardl withl pneumothorax -rightl hemidiaphragml isl levell ofl 6thl anteriorl ribl andl slightlyl higherl thanl thel left
-rightl lung:l 55%l andl appearl largerl thanl leftl lung
Q:l Laterall decubitusl CXR
Answer:
-patientl lyingl onl affectedl side -detectingl smalll pleurall effusions
Q:l Endl expiratoryl film
Answer:
-takenl whenl patientl isl atl end-exhalation -detectingl smalll pneumothorax/foreignl bodyl aspirationl (FBA)
Q:l Positionl ofl ET/Tracheostomyl tube
Answer:
-tipl shouldl bel positionedl belowl thel vocall chordsl andl nol closerl thanl 2l cml orl 1l inchl abovel thel carina.-approxl samel levell ofl thel aorticl knob/arch -observationl andl auscultationl willl quicklyl determinel adequatel ventilationl beforel CXRl isl taken -cuffl shouldl notl extendl overl thel endl ofl thel ETl orl tracheostomyl tube
Q:l Pacemaker,l catheters,l Etc.
Answer:
-pacemakerl shouldl bel positionedl inl thel rightl ventricle -PACl shouldl appearl inl rightl lowerl lungl field -centrall venousl cathetersl arel placedl inl thel rightl orl leftl subclavianl orl jugularl veinl andl shouldl restl inl thel venal caval orl rightl atrium -chestl tubesl shouldl bel locatedl inl thel pleurall spacel surroundingl thel lung -NGl tubesl shouldl bel inl stomachl 2-5l cml belowl thel diaphragm
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