NCLEX Need to Know NEW 2022

NCLEX Need to Know (NEW 2022)

Drugs that increase warfarin effect (increases bleeding) Response - antibiotics/antifungal agents -amiodarone -thyroid hormone -omeprazole -SSRI's -cranberry juice, ginkgo biloba, vitamin E

Drugs that decrease warfarin effect (decreases bleeding) Response -rifampin -carbamazepine -oral contraceptives -gingseng -ST. John's wort -Vitamin K-rich foods (spinach, broccoli, or liver)

Aortic heart auscultation Response located at 2nd intercostal spaced, right sternal border

Pulmonic heart auscultation Response located at second intercostal space, left sternal border

Erb heart auscultation Response located at 3rd ICS, left sternal border

Tricuspid heart auscultation Response located @ 5th IC, left sternal border

Mitral heart auscultation Response located @ apex, PMI, and 5th ICS @ MCL

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Therapeutic digoxin level Response 0.5-2.0 mg/dl

DVT risk factors Response -venous statis -blood hypercoagulability -endothelial damage

Prevention of DVT recurrence Response -adequate fluid intake -limit caffeine/alcohol -elevate legs when sitting -dorsiflex feet often -partake in exercise programs -change positions frequently -stop smoking -avoid restrictive clothing -if overweight, consult with dietician

drugs commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension Response -antihypertensives (BB; alpha blockers) -antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone) -antidepressants (SSRI's) -diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) -vasodilator meds (nitroglycerine, hydralazine) -narcotics (morphine)

Therapeutic INR range Response -1.5 or 2 times the normal control value (2-3) for clients w/ DVT, A-fib, stroke

-3-3.5 for mechanical heart valve

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home management instructions for pulmonary artery disease Response -lower extremities below heart when sitting/lying down -engage in moderate exercise (30-45 minutes) -perform daily skin care (apply lotion) -maintain warmth w/ blankets/socks -stop smoking -avoid tight clothing and stress -take prescribed vasodilators/antiplatelets

What is Kawasaki disease? Response childhood condition that causes inflammation of arterial walls (vasculitis) --etiology is unknown --no diagnostic tests --not contagious

What are the three stages of Kawasaki disease? Response -acute -subacute -convalescent

Describe the acute phase of Kawasaki disease? Response sudden onset of higher fever with no response to antibiotics/antipyretics --child is irritable; red/swollen feet/hands; swollen/cracked lips; red tongue

Describe the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease? Response --skin peels from hands/feet; child is irritable

Describe convalescent phase of Kawasaki disease? Response symptoms disappear slowly

treatment for Kawasaki disease Response -IV Gamma globulin (IVG) and aspirin 3 / 4

--monitor for HF d/t an increase in plasma oncotic pressure and fluid overload (from IVG)

Narrowing pulse pressure is a sign of... Response hypovolemic shock

DASH diet includes Response -fresh fruits/veggies in diet -whole wheat in diet -choose low-fat or fat-free dairy products -choose meats low in cholesterol (fish) -limit red meats -limit sweets and foods high in sodium

absolute contraindications to thrombolytics Response -prior intracranial hemorrhage -structural cerebrovascular lesion (arteriovenous malformation; aneurysm) -ischemic stroke within 3 months -active bleeding or bleeding diathesis -significant head trauma within 3 months

inclusion criteria for thrombolytic therapy in clients with acute MI Response -chest pain less than 12 hours -EKG findings indicating acute ST-elevation -NO absolute contraindications

Life-threatening complications associated with infective endocarditis Response -stroke (resulting in paralysis on 1 side) -spinal cord ischemia (results in paralysis of both legs) -ischemia to extremities (results in pain, pallor, and cold foot/arm) -intestinal infection (results in abdominal pain) -splenic infarction (results in left upper quadrant pain)

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