NCLEX Questions: Homeostasis, Fluids,

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NCLEX Questions: Homeostasis, Fluids,

and Electrolytes (Questions 61-120)

A patient with fluid imbalance is likely to experience changes in which of the following?✔✔ Blood pressure and heart rate

When dehydration occurs, what compensatory mechanism does the body activate to maintain homeostasis?✔✔ Increased thirst and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with renal failure?✔✔ Hyperkalemia

If a patient presents with low sodium levels (hyponatremia), what symptoms might they experience?✔✔ Headache, confusion, and lethargy

How does the body regulate pH balance in the blood? 1 / 3

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✔✔ Through buffer systems, respiratory control, and renal excretion

What would be the expected laboratory finding in a patient with hypokalemia?✔✔ Low serum potassium levels

What is the primary function of aldosterone in regulating electrolytes?✔✔ It promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys

If a patient is receiving diuretics, which electrolyte imbalance should be closely monitored?✔✔ Hypokalemia

What is the effect of hypercalcemia on the nervous system?✔✔ Decreased neuromuscular excitability, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue

How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?✔✔ By increasing renal excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate

What is the expected finding in the blood of a patient with hypernatremia? 2 / 3

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✔✔ Elevated sodium levels with possible signs of dehydration

What happens when the hypothalamus detects low blood volume or osmolarity?✔✔ It stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to conserve water

If a patient is experiencing alkalosis, what change is likely to occur in their respiratory rate?✔✔ The respiratory rate will decrease to retain carbon dioxide and restore balance

Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in patients with chronic alcohol use?✔✔ Hypomagnesemia

What does the osmolarity of a solution refer to?✔✔ The concentration of solutes in the solution, which affects fluid movement across cell membranes

In hyperkalemia, what is a critical intervention to prevent severe complications?✔✔ Administer calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart and shift potassium into cells

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