NCLEX-RN Exam Last Minute Vital

NCLEX-RN Exam Last Minute Vital Information

Sodium

Considerations? - 135-145

inverse relationship with potassium

Potassium

S/S of hyperkalemia?S/S of hypokalemia? - 3.5-5.0

(S/S of hyperkalemia = Muscle twitching, weakness, paralysis)

S/S of hypokalemia= Muscle cramps, weakness

ECG changes with hyperkalemia?

ECG changes with hypokalemia? - ECG changes with hyperkalemia= brady, tall/peaked T wave, long PR interval, flat P wave, wide QRS, V-fib

ECG changes with hypokalemia= U waves, PVCs, V-tach

Calcium

Considerations? - 9.0-10.5

inverse relationship with phosphorus

Chloride

Considerations? - 95-105

(Inverse relationship with metabolic pH, metabolic acidosis = hyperchloremia, metabolic alkalosis = hypochloremia)

Magnesium - 1.3-2.1

Phosphorus - 3.0-4.5

RBC - 4.5-5.0 million

WBC - 5,000-10,000

Neutrophils - 55-70%

Lymphocytes - 20-40%

Monocytes - 2.0-8.0%

Basophils - 0.5-1.0%

Eosinophils - 1.0-4.0%

Platelets - 150,000-400,000

Hgb Female - 12-16

Hgb Male - 14-18

HCO3 - 22-26

PCO2 - 35-45

PaO2 - 80-100%

SaO2 - >95%

Glucose - 70-110

Specific Gravity - 1.010-1.030 (remember "high is dry")

BUN

Considerations? - 7-22

Higher-than-normal levels may be due to: hyporvolemia, CHF, GI bleed, Shock, Kidney Failure)

Lower than normal levels may be due to : Liver failure, hypervolemia, Malnutrition)

serum creatinine

Purpose/ Considerations? - 0.6-1.35 (<2 in older adults is OK; best indicator of kidney function)

LDH - 100-190

CPK - 21-232

Uric Acid - 3.5-7.5

Triglycerides - 40-50

total cholesterol - 130-200

bilirubin - <1

Protein

Purpose? - 6.4-8.3

(Used to diagnose nutritional problems, kidney disease or liver disease)

Albumin

Purpose? - 3.5-5.0

(Increased albumin may be due to: Dehydration or High protein diet)

(Decreased albumin could indicate: Kidney or Liver diseases)

ALT

Purpose? - 4.0-36

(Along with AST elevated levels may indicate organ damage or cancer.)

AST

Purpose? - >35

(Along with ALT elevated levels may indicate organ damage or cancer.)

Alkaline Phosphate

Purpose? - 30-120

(As part of a routine liver function test or to diagnose liver or bone disease)

What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?

Any special considerations? - 0.5-2.0

(used w/ diuretic and an ACE most of the time. never admin if apical pulse <60. Can b toxic when combined with loop diuretics even at therapeutic levels.)

What is the therapeutic range for lithium? - 0.8-1.5

(used in bipolor patients)

What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin ? - 10-20

(anticonvulsant)

What is the therapeutic range for theophylline? - 10-20

(used in tx of COPD/Asthma)

heart rate (adult) - 80-100

resp rate (adult) - 12-20

BP (adult) - 110/60-120/90

Temp (F) - 98.6

Celsius to Fahrenheit - multiply by 1.8 then add 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius - subtract 32 then divide by 1.8

Heart Rate on EKG Monitor - (x = all the small boxes between two R waves) 1500 divided by x = HR

(OR count all R waves present on a 6 second strip)

Fetal Heart Rate - 120-160 (variability = 6-10 BPM)

Contractions - normal frequency 2-5 minutes apart; normal duration <90 sec; intensity <100 mm/hg

amniotic fluid - 500-1200 ml (nitrozine urine-litmus paper green; amniotic fluid-litmus paper blue)

APGAR scoring - A= appearance, P= pulses, G= grimace, A= activity, R= reflexes (Done at 1 and 5min with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased, and 2 for strongly positive)

Describe the blood carrying function of the umbilical cord - AVA