NCLEX RN KAPLAN NURSING SCIENCE

NCLEX RN KAPLAN NURSING (SCIENCE)

EXAM What would cause a decrease in red blood cells? Correct - inadequate intake of iron

what is responsible for the regulation of PH in the body? Correct - urinary system

what increases the basal metabolic rate in adults? Correct - stress

what effects does asthma have on the lungs? Correct - inflames and narrows the bronchioles and airways while increasing mucus production

what controls the bodys immune response? Correct - white blood cells (lymphocytes)

what controls the rate and depth perception in a normal adult? Correct - chemoreceptors in response to the acid base oxygen status

the principal function of blood flow to the cardiac system? Correct - to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and waste product

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do? Correct - It decreases HR and increases intestional gland activity also relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastro intestinal track (rest and digest)

Human BP increases signals are sent to the brain slowing down the heart and helping the BP to return to a normal is an example of what? Correct - Negative feedback loop

how is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged through red blood cells? Correct - Diffusion

How do electrolytes exchange between interstitial fluid and external interstitial fluid?Correct - osmosis

How does your brain cells differ from other cells in the body? Correct - Brain cells do not store glucose and glycogen

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs where? Correct - in the alveoli

what controls the firing of the SA node to trigger the spark of the cardiac cycle?Correct - Autonomic nervous system

Chronic hypertension would cause what changes in the blood vessels? Correct - Damage to the arterioles resulting in the increased blood flow through blood vessels.

the bodys ability to correct an excess or deficit of a metabolic acid depends on normal function of what system? Correct - Renal system

when air enters the lungs it? Correct - expansion, the pressure inside the lungs becomes negative compared to atmospheric pressure causing air to enter the lungs

air changes what sensation? Correct - hearing/vision or increase in sensation/ perception of temperature.

how are neurons different than other cells in the body? Correct - communicate faster

a patient with gout present which of the following are their symptoms? Correct - red, swollen feet

how does blood flow through the heart? Correct - right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body

what are the three compartments in the body that stores water? Correct - intracellular, extracellular, and interstitial

where does most food digestion and nutrient absorption occur? Correct - small intestine

what regulates decision making, problem solving, control of purposeful behavior, consciousness and emotion? Correct - frontal lobe

what is true about the transport of oxygen to the lungs? Correct - a demand for more oxygen requires the increase in cellular metabolism.

what responds quickly to infectious agents? Correct - Granulocytes

what controls heart rate? Correct - SA nodes, medulla oblongata, PNS, SNS

what is hemoglobinj? Correct - protein in red blood cells that carrys oxygen through the body.

what is an example of low hemoglobin count? Correct - Anemia

what is hypertension? Correct - abnormally high blood pressure 140/90 or greater

what would a normal BP reading show? Correct - 120/80 or slightly lower

what does the sympathetic nervous system do? Correct - increases or accelerates the heart rate, constrict blood vessels and raises blood pressure

what does the autonomic nervous system do? Correct - regulates the function of our internal organs such as the heart, intestines and the stomach

Brain functions of the cerebral cortex? Correct - when judgement association and discrimination takes place

what does White blood cells do? Correct - fight pathogens

difference between intercellular and intracellular? Correct - inter- between of connecting cells intra- inside or within a cell

what is positive feedback mechanism of the body? Correct - when the output enhances the original stimulus such as the projection of oxytocin ( aid in childbirth)

what is negative feedback mechanism of the body? Correct - when the output reduces or decreases the original effect on the stimulus. (insulin lowers high blood sugars)

what happens during an asthma attack? Correct - muscles around the airways tightens and the lining becomes swollen and inflamed producing more mucus

endocrine system is largely responsible for? Correct - Water electrolytes Cellular metabolism transport across the membrane, Nutrient balance, Growth development, Reproduction & Body defenses Cranial cavity - surrounded by the skull and contains organs such as the brain and pituitary gland

Thoracic cavity - encircled by the sternum (breastbone) and ribs. It contains organs such as the lungs, heart, trachea (windpipe), esophagus, and bronchial tubes

Abdominal cavity - separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. It contains organs such as the stomach, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, and large intestine. The abdominal organs are held in place by a membrane called the peritoneum

Pelvic cavity - is enclosed by the pelvis, or bones of the hip. It contains organs such as the urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, anus, and rectum. It contains the reproductive organs as well. In females, contains the uterus

Spinal cavity - is surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column has five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. The spinal cord runs through the middle of the spinal cavity

• primary body planes - -frontal: a vertical plane that splits the front (anterior) from

the back (posterior) -sagittal: a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides -transverse: a horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions (CT scans use)

Terms of Direction: Medial - -refers to a structure being closer to the midline of the body

ex: the nose is _____ to the eyes

Terms of Direction: Lateral - -refers to a structure being farther from the midline of the body (opposite of medial)

ex: the eyes are _____ to the nose

Terms of Direction: Proximal - -refers to a structure or body part located near an attachment point

ex: the elbow is ______ to the wrist

Terms of Direction: Distal - -refers to a structure or body part located far from an attachment point (opposite of proximal)

ex: the wrist is _____ to the elbow

Terms of Direction: Anterior - -means toward the front in humans

ex: lips are ______ to the teeth

Terms of Direction: Posterior - -means toward the back in humans (opposite of anterior)

ex: teeth are _____ to the lips

Terms of Direction: Superior - -means above and refers to a structure closer to the head

ex: the head is _____ to the neck

other names for it: cephalic and cranial

Terms of Direction: Inferior - -means below and refers to a structure farther from the head (opposite of superior)

ex: the neck is ______ to the head

other name: caudal

Terms of Direction: Superficial - -refers to a structure closer to the surface

ex: muscles because they are just beneath the surface of the skin

Terms of Direction: Deep - -refers to a structure farther from the surface (opposite of superficial

ex: the femur is a ______ structure lying beneath the muscles