NCLEX RN PHARMACOLOGY

NCLEX RN PHARMACOLOGY

MEDICATION (KAPLAN) STUDY GUIDE

Clozapine Correct -Class: Atypical Antipsychotic

Use: schizophrenia

Adverse effect: ECG changes - QT prolongation

Nursing considerations: leukopenia (weekly WBC checks), weight gain, drowsiness

Colchicine Correct -anti-inflammatory

treatment for gout

Allopurinol Correct -Uric acid reducer

treatment for gout and kidney stones

NSAIDS Correct -ibuprofen

Watch for interactions with the four "G's" increases risk of bleeding ginkgo garlic ginger ginseng

Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid Correct -laxative

bulk-forming safest laxative increases water absorption or retention within the stool

Docusate sodium Correct -laxative

emollient laxative of the fecal-softener type could result in dependency bowel damage electrolyte imbalance

Magnesium hydroxide Correct -laxative

saline laxative hypertonic and works osmotically by drawing water into the intestine and surrounding tissues

stool consistency is affected becoming watery bowel distention causes perstalsis chronic use = electrolyte imbalance and dependency

Bisacodyl Correct -laxative

Stimulant laxative causes an irritation via nerve stimulation directly on intestine wall

Black Cohosh Correct -herb

useful with menopausal symptoms but interaction with antihypertensive drugs causing hypotension

Isoprotenerol Correct -beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors

used for bradycardia, torsades de points, beta blocker toxicity (too much of beta blockers lowers heart rate)

given after maximum dose of atropine given

Adverse effects: raises heart rate so tachycardia, angina, bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema

Norepinephrine Correct -vasoconstrictor

used for severe hypotension or cardiogenic shock

NEVER GIVE A CONSTRICTOR TO A DRY HEART, give blood or fluid before giving

Infuse with dextrose solution, not saline Monitor bp and heart rate protect from light

Adverse effects: reflex hypotension or bradycardia (need to taper off)

Dopamine Correct -vasoconstrictor

used in renal failure and shock

NEVER GIVE A CONSTRICTOR TO A DRY HEART, give blood or fluid before giving

Adverse effects: reflex hypotension or bradycardia (need to taper off)

Do NOT give with sodium bicarb in same IV line, bicarb will deactivate dopamine

Epinephrine Correct -non-selctive adrenergic agonist

stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

used for anaphylaxis and used for vfib, asystole, PEA

causes bronchodilation, vasoconstriction

Adverse effects: just like having an adrenilane rush so patient can be very jittery, irritable, fearful, tachycardia, dysrythmias, hypertension

Diphenhydramine Correct -antihistamine

given in conjuction with epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock

will address tissue induced histamine and skin pruitis

IM or IV for shock

Dobutamine Correct -beta 1 - adrenergic agonist

increases force of contraction of heart

improved cardiac output

increases heart rate

Andrenergics Med Names Correct -Norepinephrine, Phenyl (tissue necrosis if it leaks into tissue out of IV), Dopamine (tissue necrosis if it leaks into tissue out of IV, Do NOT give with sodium bicarb in same IV line), Epinephrine (given during vfib or PEA), Dobutamine, Isoproterenol

Andrenergics Actions Correct -Stimulates Beta-2 Receptors in Lungs (causes brochodilation)

Andrenergics Uses Correct -COPD, Cardiac Arrest

Andrenergics Side Effects Correct -Dysrhythmias, Tremors, Anticholinergic Effects (dry mouth, urinary retention), Hypertension, Hypotension

Andrenergics Nursing Considerations Correct -Monitor B/P, Monitor Peripheral Pluses, Check Output, use IV infusion pumps

Antianxiety Med Names Correct -Pams and Lams, Chlordiazepoxide (short term), Buspirone (long term), Hydroxyzine (long term), Meprobamate (anxiolytics nonbenzos)

(herbals:) kava, melatonin

Antianxiety Actions Correct -affect neurotransmitters (CNS depressent)

Antianxiety Uses Correct -anxiety disorders, manic episodes, panic attacks

Antianxiety Side Effects Correct -Sedation (no driving), confusion, hepatic dysfunction

Benzodiazepines Correct --pams

Antianxiety Nursing Considerations Correct -Potential for addiction/overdose, Avoid Alcohol, Monitor LFT, taper dose, not to be taken with MAO inhibitor

Antacids Med Names Correct -Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide (diarhea), calcium carbonate (constipation), aluminum/magnesium hydroxide

Antacids Action Correct -neutralize gastric acids

Antacids Uses Correct -peptic ulcer, indigestion, reflex esophagitis, GERD, stress ulcer

Antacids Side Effects Correct -constipation, diarrhea, acid rebound

Antacids Nursing Consideration Correct -Interferes with absorption of antibiotics, iron preps, INH (TB med), oral contraceptives Monitor bowel functions Pregnant people cannot take liberally

Antidysrhythmics Med Names Correct -Qunidine, Lidocaine, Flecainide, Propanolol, Amiodarone (photophobia), Verapamil, Atropine, Digoxin, Adenosine

Antidysrhythmics Action Correct -interfere with electrical exciablility of heart

Antidysrhythmics Uses Correct -A-Fib and flutter, tachycardia, PVCs

Antidysrhythmics Side Effects Correct -Lightheadedness, hypotension, bradycardia, urnary retention

Antidysrhythmics Nursing Consideration Correct -Monitor VS and Cardiac Rhythm, orthostatic hypotension

Beta Blockers Correct --lol can cause bronchspasms airway is a consideration check heart rate before given, held if less then 50bpm and should be notified