NCLEXRN TEST BANK QUESTIONS WITH 100

NCLEX/RN TEST BANK QUESTIONS WITH 100%

CORRECT AMSWERS 2025 LATEST UPDATE.

⫸ Menieres disease. Answer: volume of endolymph expands, 40-60 yr olds/

s/s: attacks intermittent: vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss.

Rx: cholinergic blockers (atropine), diuretics, valium, epinephrine, low salt/triglyceride diet.

Nursing: keep pt in quiet dark room, avoid unnecessary movement, restrict salt and water intake, avoid tobacco, caffeine

⫸ Antianginals. Answer: nitrates: used to treat and prevent attacks of angina; acute treatment calcium channel blockers and beta blockers are used prophylactically for longer-term management

⫸ Antianxiety agents. Answer: benzodiazepines: better for intermittent or short-term use in the management of anxiety

buspirone, paroxetine, venlafaxine: better for long-term use

⫸ Antiarrhythmics. Answer: suppression of cardiac arrhythmias

generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue (Class IA, IB, IC, II, III & IV)

atropine and digoxin: also used as antiarrhymics

⫸ Anticholinergics. Answer: atropine: bradyarrhythmias

ipratropium: bronchospasm

atropine: also used as ophthalmic mydriatic

benztropine: management of Parkinson's disease

⫸ Antiemetics. Answer: used to manage nausea and vomiting due to many causes, including surgery, anesthesia, and antineoplastic and radiation therapies 1 / 4

⫸ Antifungals. Answer: memory trick - most end with "AZOLE"

⫸ Antihypertensives. Answer: including, but not limited to, the following

ACE inhibitors: treatment of choice for hypertension;memory trick - most end with "PRIL"

angiotension receptor blockers:memory trick - most end with "SARTAN", including losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan)

beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

⫸ Antineoplastics. Answer: used in the treatment of various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias

⫸ Antiulcer agents. Answer: used in the treatment and prophylaxis of peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions, e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome memory trick - most end with "PRAZOLE", including omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), esomeprazole (Nexium)

⫸ Antivirals. Answer: memory trick - many end with "CY[I]CLOVIR", including acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex)

⫸ Beta blockers. Answer: used in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmias, migraine headache (prophylaxis), MI (prevention), glaucoma (opthlalmic use), CHF (carvedilol and sustained-release metoprolol only), hyperthyroidism (management of symptoms only) memory trick - most end with 'OLOL", "ALOL" or "ILOL"

⫸ Calcium channel blockers. Answer: used in the treatment of hypertension (amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, verapamil) also used in the treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris or coronary artery spasm (amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, nicardipine, verapamil) memory trick - most end with "DIPINE" 2 / 4

⫸ Diuretics. Answer: thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics are used alone or in combination in the treatment of hypertension or edema due to CHF or other causes potassium-sparing diuretics have weak diuretic and antihypertensive properties and are used to conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics osmotic diuretics are often used in the management of cerebral edema

⫸ Lipid-lowering agents. Answer: used as a part of a total plan, including diet and exercise, to reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its sequelae memory trick - many end with "STATIN", e.g., atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor), rosuvastatin (Crestor)

⫸ Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Answer: used to control mild to moderate pain, fever, and various inflammatory conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

⫸ IICP. Answer: restlessness, irritability, confusion, lethargy,

pupils ipsilaterally, blurred vision fixed, hemiparesis, decorticate then decerebrate, flaccid, abnormal reflexes: hyper- or hyporeflexia, +Babinski , *Cushing's triad* hypertension; progressively increasing systolic pressure with widening pulse pressure; bradycardia, Cheyne- Stokes, vomiting, headache, seizures, *infant "high shrill cry"* *Nursing*: HOB 30°, head midline-no flexion of neck/hips (to encourage jugular venous drainage), O2, no morphine, vent PaCO2 at 30-35 (will vasoconstrict= decreased ICP), prevent shivering (which can ^ ICP), , limit fluids 1200 mL/day, avoid straining, *Meds*: Anticonvulsants, Antipyretics and muscle relaxants, Blood pressure medication, Corticosteroids, IVF, Hyperosmotic agent) *Herniation syndrome*: Irr RR, HR Loss of brainstem reflexes (blinking, gagging, pupils)

⫸ decorticate. Answer: flexion into body,

⫸ decerebrate. Answer: extension away from body, pronation of arms/legs

⫸ Reyes syndrome. Answer: acute encephalopathy following viral illness w/cerebral edema d/t ASA w/fever

s/s: fever, n/v, lethergy, neuro deterioration, increased ammonia levels 3 / 4

⫸ autonomic dysreflexia. Answer: paroxysmal *hypertension* *bradycardia*

diaphoresis, facial flushing , pilomotor responses, ha, dilated pupils, blurred vision, restlessness d/t injury *above T6* after spinal shock Triggers visceral stimulation from a *distended bladder *or impacted rectum. a neurological *emergency* and must be treated immediately to prevent a hypertensive stroke. It is also known as autonomic hyperreflexia.

nursing: raise HOB, loosen tight clothing, *check bladder distention and other noxious stimulants*, administer antihypertensive meds

⫸ neurogenic shock. Answer: injury above T6, massive vasodilation causes pooling of blood and low SVR=hypotension

s/s: hypotension, bradycardia

⫸ spinal shock. Answer: complete but temporary loss of motor, sensory, reflex, and autonomic function immediately after injury- lasts less than 48hrs- weeks

s/s: flaccid, bradycardia, hypotension, paralytic ileus

⫸ CSF. Answer: cushion, aids in exchage of nutrients and wastes

normal pressure 50-175 normal volume 125-150

yellow "halo" ring

⫸ CT. Answer: dye

assess allergies to iodine, shellfish, contrast dyes, claustrophobia

after: replacement fluids to diuresis the dye

⫸ MRI. Answer: no metal objects, pacemaker, implanted defibrillator, hip prosthesis, vascular clips, no IVF, no pregnant women

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