NMTCB EXAM PREP ACTUAL

NMTCB EXAM PREP ACTUAL

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS /

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Common Reactor produced radionuclides? - Mo-99/Tc-99m , I-131, I-125, Xe-133, Sr- 89, Sm-153, P-32, Cr-51 Common Accelerator produced radionuclides? - I-123, Th-201, Ga-67, In-111, All positron emitters Bremsstrahlung? - *radiation that results from deceleration of the beta particles as they approach the nuclei Film Badge Imp. Points - *made of 3to4 filters (Pb, Cu, Al, plastic) *should be worn between waist and shoulder *processed monthly *adversely affected by heat and moisture *the amount of darkening on the film is proportional to amount of radiation absorbed *effective measuring 10 mrem to several hundred rem TLD Badge Imp. Points - *thermoluminescent dosimeter *uses LiF crystal that emits a quantity of light proportional to the amount of radiation absorbed by crystal *this light is released during high hearing called annealing *can distinguish beta from photon/neutron radiation *can only be analyzed once *are used ring badges (forefinger) OSLD Badge Imp. Points - *optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter *uses thin slice of aluminum oxide to detect radiation *resistant to heat, moisture and aging *can be used to monitor more than once, up to 3 months *can be analyzed multiple times Caution: Radiation Area (sign) - *where individual can receive more than 5 mrem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm *seen in entrances to nuc med labs Caution: Radioactive Materials (sign) - *where radioactive materials are used or stored *usually in entrances of work areas and NM labs *indicates potential presence of radiation sources and/or contamination 1 / 3

Caution: High Radiation Area (sign) - *individual can receive more than 100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from radiation source *commonly where radiation therapy is performed A wipe on an external package surface cannot exceed? - *7,200 dpm for a wiped area of 300 cm^2 for gamma and beta emitters Decay in Storage Imp. Points - *radioactive materials with a half life of less than 120 days can be stored in a shielded storage area until they are bkg Equation for dpm - dpm = net cpm / efficiency

• NRC requires wipe testing must be recorded in dpm

*"efficiency" means efficiency of the well counter Mo-99/Tc-99m Generator - *column containing alumina onto which the parent Mo-99 is adsorbed *Tc99m is collected as the eluate in the form of Tc99m-NaO4 Specific Activity - *the amount of radioactivity per unit of mass of RN or RP *expressed in (mCi/mg), MBq/mg), (Ci/mol), (GBq/mol) Mo-99 Imp. points - *considered a radionuclidic impurity *when administered to patients, its taken up by the parenchymal cells of liver and delivers unnecessary dose of radiation *0.15 uCi / per 1 mCi Tc99m at time of administration to patient Spatial Resolution - *Ability of a scintillation camera to separate small object in space *performed weekly SPECT COR - *performed weekly (or monthly) *evaluation is used to correct for slight variation in the position of the camera head as it rotates *performed with each type of collimator Spatial Linearity - *Ability of a scintillation camera to produce a uniform image with straight lines corresponding to straight lines in a phantom *Clinically, it is the accurate portrayal of true organ shape *performed weekly PET Camera Imp. Factors - *2D mode uses tungsten septa in BGO crystals *3D mode doesn't use septa, LSO, LYSO, GSO crystals are used *TOF PET is better than LOR PET, because it improves image contrast *spatial resolution of PET is significantly better than SPECT CT (PITCH) - *the ratio of the patients movement through the gantry during one 360 degree beam rotation relative to beam collimation 2 / 3

*PET/CT scans are done with a pitch of 1 or greater CT (kVp) kilovolt peak - *range from 80 to 140 kVp *increasing the kVp, increases the penetration of the object being x-rayed (increases energy of the x-rays), decreases noise, and creates fewer beam hardening artifacts, but increases the dose to the patient and reduces attenuation differences in tissue CT (mAs) Milliampereseconds - *typically range from 20 to 120 mAs *Increasing mAs, decreases noise (produces more x-rays) and increases contrast resolution, but also increases the dose to the patient Path of blood through the heart and lungs to body. - Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior vena cavae. The right atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid valve. During ventricular diastole, (relaxation or filling phase), the tricuspid valve opens, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle.The blood exits the right ventricle during ventricular systole, (contraction phase), and travels through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which leads into the lungs. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in alveoli of the lungs. Blood becomes oxygen rich, newly oxygenated blood enters the left atrium by way of the pulmonary veins. Blood then passes through mitral valve into LV during ventricular diastole. This blood is introduced into circulation during ventricular systole by passing through aortic valve and into aorta.QRS complex indicates... - depolarization of the ventricles Radioactivity Units - Bq or Ci Exposure Units - Coulomb/ kg or R (roentgen) Dose Equivalent Units - Sv (Sievert) or Rem Absorbed Dose Units - Gray or Rad Effects of oxygen in RP kit? - Can convert stannous ion (Sn2+)to stannic ion (Sn4+), that interferes with the amount of Tc that can be chelated aka (tagged).Purpose of Sn2+ in RP kit... - To reduce Tc99m to a lower oxidation state (from 7+ to a lower state) Specific concentration... - Activity per volume (ex. mCi/mL) Specific activity... - Activity per gram. (ex. mCi/mg) What is the QC testing for chemical impurity? - ex. Al3+, Sn2+, Sn4+ -> Colormetric Method

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