NR546 Week 6 test your knowledge quiz Latest Update

NR546 Week 6 test your knowledge quiz Latest Update

• Actual Exam Questions and 100% Verified

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"bath salts" - CORRECT ANSWER: atypical stimulants

-not for bathing, synthetic stimulants that commonly include the active ingredient methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and may also contain mephedrone or methylone -also called "plant food" -cause agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, suicidality, and chest pain.

"burn-out" - CORRECT ANSWER: enduring if not irreversible changes in dopamine neurons -long-lasting depletions of dopamine levels and axonal degeneration

A 40-year-old male presents to your emergency department (ED) with severe anxiety, generalized tremors, complaints of dizziness, diaphoresis, and agitation. He was incarcerated 2 days ago and is brought to the ED today by the police due to the development of acute symptoms. His social history is significant for heavy alcohol use. A Clinical Institutes Withdrawal Assessment Scale for Alcohol (CIWA) score is 39.The client tells you he has had withdrawal seizures in the past when he stops drinking. Which medication

should you order? - CORRECT ANSWER: lorazepam (Ativan)

Rationale: Benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment for clients having psychomotor agitation associated with alcohol withdrawal. This client has an increased risk of an alcohol-related withdrawal seizure, especially since he had one in the past. carbamazepine, levetiracetam, and phenytoin are not routinely used for alcohol withdrawal due to the lack of evidence demonstrating increased efficacy.Additionally, these drugs may potentially mask hemodynamic signs of withdrawal.

Acamprosate - CORRECT ANSWER: derivative of the amino acid

taurine and interacts with both the glutamate system to inhibit it, and with the GABA system to enhance it -"artificial alcohol" -acamprosate can substitute for alcohol in patients during withdrawal 1 / 3

*mitigate the glutamate hyperactivity and the GABA deficiency

Acute withdrawal symptoms after narcan - CORRECT ANSWER: nausea/vomiting

diarrhea runny nose sweating tremor irritability muscle spasms

Addiction - CORRECT ANSWER: A change in behavior caused by biochemical changes in the brain after continued substance use characterized by preoccupation with and repeated use of a substance despite negative outcomes.

Addiction is often driven by the client's attempts to: - CORRECT ANSWER: self-medicate an underlying mental health disorder

adverse effects associated with the acute use of opioids: - CORRECT ANSWER: -Itching -Constipation -Respiratory depression -Urinary retention -Sedation

Alcohol special considerations of lifespan and lifestyle factors that are foundational to safe prescribing: Older adult - CORRECT ANSWER: -Frequent monitoring is necessary when prescribing benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal in older adults.-Acamprosate should be used with caution in older adults.

Alcohol special considerations of lifespan and lifestyle factors that are foundational to safe prescribing: Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: -Teratogenic effects of alcohol on the developing fetus are well known; however, there is limited data on the safety of withdrawal medications in pregnancy. 2 / 3

-Naltrexone is commonly used to treat alcohol use disorder in pregnant women, but its effects on the fetus remain largely unknown.-Acamprosate is not recommended in pregnancy but may be necessary if the mother cannot stop drinking alcohol.-Disulfiram's safety in pregnancy is not established.

Alcohol Use Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: -may affect cardiovascular health and is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer (especially, liver and pancreatic) -Other system morbidities: diabetes, gout, renal dysfunction, hematological complications, osteoporosis, and dementia -frequently associated with trauma and accidents

Alcohol Withdrawal - CORRECT ANSWER: Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment- Alcohol, shortened version (CIWA-Ar) -highly regarded standardized instrument used to assess the severity of withdrawal symptoms -directs pharmacotherapy: pharmacologic interventions for individuals with moderate to severe symptoms • benzodiazepines on a symptom-triggered regimen is the preferred approach

Mild -Anxiety -Irritability -Headache -Insomnia -Tremors -Nausea/vomiting

Moderate -Increased blood pressure (BP) -Increased heart rate (HR) -Confusion

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