NRNP 6635 Midterm Exam

NRNP 6635 Midterm Exam [100% correct answers & explanations]

A Norepinephrine B GABA .C Dopamine .D Acetylcholine

Answer:

Dopamine Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC.

Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.

Step-by-Step explanation References Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.

pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81.

Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel

QUESTION 1

• Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in

children and adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders. 1 / 4

Answer:

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QUESTION 2

• Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder. 2 / 4

A Opioid analgesics .

B TCA and SSRI

. antidepressants C Beta-adrenergic . blockers D Mood stabilizers .Opioids analgesics 3 / 4

Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.

Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract.Step-by-Step explanation References Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.

Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication: how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9), 1336.

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A Anorexia . nervosa B Bulimia . nervosa C

Answer:

Purging .D Binge .

• Anorexia Nervosa

Step-by-Step explanation Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders, tends to affect more women than men.

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A Pain .

QUESTION 3

• Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.

QUESTION 4

• Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common.
• / 4