NSC 114 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

NSC 114 EXAM #2 (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS AND

VERIFIED ANSWERS

Critical analysis - ---Answers_--is the application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea to determine essential information and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.

Socratic questioning - ---Answers_--a technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize and examine assumptions, search for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and differentiate what one knows from what one merely believes

Nurses should employ Socratic questioning when reporting about a client's condition and current status, reviewing a client's history and progress notes, and planning care.How do you know?What effect would that have?What are the alternatives?What would change your mind?

inductive reasoning - ---Answers_--generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations

deductive reasoning - ---Answers_--reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then 1 / 4

applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)

Different types of statements - ---Answers_--FACTS:

Can be verified through investigation (blood pressure is affected by blood volume)

INFERENCES:

Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something not currently known.(If blood volume is decreased the blood pressure will drop)

JUDGEMENTS:

Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; a type of opinion (it is harmful to the client's health if the blood pressure drops too low)

OPINIONS:

beliefs formed over time; include judgements that may fit facts or be erroneous (nursing interventions can assist in maintaining the client's blood pressure within normal limits)

Nursing Process - ---Answers_--is the method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care

is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care. it begins with assessment of the client and sue of clinical reasoning to identify client problems. 2 / 4

problem solving - ---Answers_--* mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents an unsteady state.

• it requires the nurse to obtain information that clarifies the

nature of the problem and suggest possible solutions

• the nurse carefully evaluates the possible solutions and

chooses the best one to implement.

• the situation is carefully monitored over time to ensure that

its initial and continued effectiveness returns the client to a steady state.

trial and error - ---Answers_--* a number of approaches are tried until a solution is found

• this method used in nursing can be dangerous because the

client might suffer harm if an approach is inappropriate.

• more common in a home setting due to equipment and

lifestyle.

• ex. when teaching a client to perform a colostomy irrigation,

a bent coat hanger hung on the shower curtain rod provides an appropriate height to perform the irrigation. in the hospital setting a lowered IV pole is more likely utilized.

intuition - ---Answers_--* problem solving approach that relies on a nurse's inner sense.

• legitimate aspect of a nursing judgement in the

implementation of care.

• understanding or learning of things without the conscious

use of reasoning. 3 / 4

• it is also known as a 6th sense, feeling, instinct, or suspicion.

clinical judgement - ---Answers_--* A decision making process to ascertain the right nursing action to be implemented at the appropriate time in the client's care

• experience is important in improving intuition because the

rapidity of the judgement depends on the nurse having seen similar client situations many times before.

research process - ---Answers_--* formalized, logical, systematic approach to problem solving

• it is becoming increasingly important for nurses to identify

evidence that supports effective nursing care.

cognitive process - ---Answers_--* is the thinking processes based on the knowledge of aspects of client care.

• cognitive skills are learned through reading and applying

health-related literature.

• cognitive skills are enhanced through the use of critical

thought to understand and apply content the nurse has previously learned.

metacognitive processes - ---Answers_--* include reflective thinking and awareness of the skills learned by the nurse in caring for the client

• the nurse reflects on the client's status and throughout the

use of critical thinking skills determine the most effective plan of care.

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