NSG 223 EXAM FOUR BLUEPRINT Latest Update

NSG 223 EXAM FOUR BLUEPRINT Latest Update - with 50 Questions and 100% Verified Detailed Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by Professor

Advanced directives - CORRECT ANSWER: Written documents that allow the individual of sound mind to document preferences regarding end-of-life care that should be followed when the signer is terminally ill and unable to verbally communicate their wishes. The documents are generally completed in advance of serious illness but may be completed after a diagnosis of serious illness if the signer is still of sound mind. The most common types are the durable power of attorney for health care and the living will.

Cancer prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: Healthy weight

Healthy diet Active lifestyle Limit alcohol No smoking

Primary prevention:

Use of immunizations to reduce risk of cancer (HBV vaccine)

Secondary prevention: Screening and early detection

Tertiary prevention:• Monitoring for and preventing recurrence of primary cancer and screening for development of second malignancies in cancer survivors

CANCER PREVENTION AND FAMILIAL HISTORY - CORRECT ANSWER:

Prophylactic surgery

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Cancer risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER: Women > Men

80% diagnosed after 55 y.o Non hispanic black men and women > all other racial groups 2x higher in hispanic and latino origin Tobacco use > in areas of socioeconomic disparity Asbestos Long exposure to sun Immunocompromise Previously treated for any form of cancer > risk Infections Pollution Family history Prestisides Plastic Radiation Chronic irritation/inflammation Lifestyle factors Hormonal agents Viruses Bacteria

Cancer screening - CORRECT ANSWER: Biopsy: obtain tissue sample of actual tumor -excisional-For small easily accessible tumors, surgeon can remove the entire tumor and surrounding tissue (decreases chances of spreading) if cells are left behind, have chances of regrowing-PERFORMED THROUGH ENDOSCOPY -incisional-if tumor mass is too large to be removed- PERFORMED THROUGH

ENDOSCOPY

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-needle biopsy: to sample suspicious masses that are easily and safely accessible, (breast, thyroid, lung, liver, kidney) performed on an outpatient basis (Fine needle aspiration)-not always sufficient to determine cancer Core needle biopsy uses a specific needle to obtain a small core of tissue to permit histologic analysis The biopsy type is determined by the size and location of the tumor

May be necessary to take a lymph node sample

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (sentinel lymph node mapping)- for melanoma and breast cancer

Mammography (Annual: 45-54, >55 every other year)

CT scan (Lung: > age 55 and 30+ packs/year smoking history)

Pap smear (Q3 Years 21-29, Q5 years 30-65, >66 NA unless abnormal) Digital rectal exam (Age 50, every other year if under 2.5) Low-dose helical CT (lung cancer)

STARTING AT AGE 45

Guaiac based fecal occult blood test, stool DNA test, double contract barium enema, colonoscopy (colorectal cancer)

Cancer surgical treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: local and wide excisions. Local

excision, often performed on an outpatient basis, is warranted when the mass is small.It includes removal of the mass and a small margin of normal tissue that is easily accessible. Wide or radical excisions (en bloc dissections) include removal of the primary tumor, lymph nodes, adjacent involved structures, and surrounding tissues that may be at high risk for tumor spread. This surgical method may result in disfigurement and altered functioning, necessitating rehabilitation, reconstructive procedures, or both.However, wide excisions are considered if the tumor can be removed completely and the chances of cure or control are good

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