NSG 3500 - EXAM 4 - SOLUTIONS. When is the APGAR score assigned? - ...

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NSG 3500 - EXAM 4

ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT

SOLUTIONS.

When is the APGAR score assigned? - correct answer- At 1 and 5 minutes after birth

What are the five categories of the APGAR score? - correct answer- 1. HR

2. RR

• muscle tone
• reflex irritability (cry)
• generalized skin color (coloring)

When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important to stabilize the infant than keep them with mom. T/F? - correct answer- True

What does each APGAR score mean? - correct answer- >7 = normal 4-6 = low <3 = critical

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What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first

breath? - correct answer- Chemical factors: hypercarbia,

acidosis, and hypoxia

Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition

Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition

Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid

release and replacement with air

Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger respirations? - correct answer- - hypoxia causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop

• carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the

resp center within the medulla to initiate breathing

Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with any change in skin color or HR. How long are these pauses? - correct answer- 5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is norm? P.298)

What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? - correct answer- - apnea (no breathing for more than 20 seconds)

• expiratory grunting
• wheezing 2 / 3

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• nasal flaring
• retractions
• use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
• high RR

What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary adaptation? - correct answer- - increased aortic pressure

• decreased venous pressure
• increased systemic pressure
• decreased pulmonary pressure
• closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV

What is the HR when baby is first born? - correct answer- 160- 180 and then 30 min later it goes to 120-160

The baby cannot become hypoglycemic from heat loss. T/F? - correct answer- False.

How do newborns respond to cold? - correct answer- They burn brown adipose tissue since they cannot shiver to maintain warmth

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