NSG530 EXAM 3 WILKES NEWEST COMPLETE

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NSG530 EXAM 3 (WILKES) NEWEST COMPLETE

EXAM| ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 50 ACTUAL

EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED

A+|| BRAND NEW!!

Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what?

• Chronic
• Psychogenic
• Acute
• Phantom - Correct Answer - C. Acute pain is a protective mechanism

that alerts the individual to a condition or experience that is immediately harmful to the body. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective.

Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is a strong m-receptor agonist?

• Enkephalins
• Endorphins
• Dynorphins
• Endomorphins - Correct Answer - B. The synthesis and activity of b-

endorphin is concentrated in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland and act as strong µ-receptor agonist. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective.

Enkephalins and endorphins act to relieve pain by which process? 1 / 4

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• Inhibiting cells in the substantia gelatinosa
• Stimulating the descending efferent nerve fibers
• Attaching to opiate receptor sites
• Blocking transduction of nociceptors - Correct Answer - C.

Enkephalins and endorphins are neurohormones that act as neurotransmitters by binding to one or more G protein-coupled opioid receptors and thus relieving pain. The other options are not accurate descriptions of how enkephalins and endorphins relieve pain.

Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which mechanism of heat loss?

• Evaporation
• Radiation

c.Convection

• Conduction - Correct Answer - C. Only convection causes the transfer

of heat through currents of gases or liquids.

What is a long-term complication of rewarming as a treatment for hypothermia?

• Acidosis
• Dysrhythmias
• Shock
• Renal failure - Correct Answer - D. Rewarming can result in long-

term complications that include congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal failure, abnormal erythropoiesis, myocardial infarction, 2 / 4

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pg. 3 pancreatitis, and neurologic dysfunctions. Short-term complications of rewarming include acidosis, rewarming shock, and dysrhythmias.

Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?

• Heat cramps
• Heat stroke
• Malignant hyperthermia
• Heat exhaustion - Correct Answer - D. Of the options presented, only

heat exhaustion, or collapse, is a result of prolonged high core or environmental temperatures resulting in dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia.

A heat stroke is characterized by:

• Core temperatures usually reaching approximately 39.9° C (103.9° F)
• Sweat production on the face occurring even during dehydration
• A rapidly decreasing core temperature as heat loss from the

evaporation of sweat ceases

• Symptoms caused by the loss of sodium and prolonged sweating -

Correct Answer - B. When the core temperature reaches or exceeds 40.5° C (104.9° F), the brain may be preferentially cooled by maximal blood flow through the veins of the head and face, specifically the forehead. Sweat production on the face is maintained even during dehydration. The remaining options do not occur during heat stroke.

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pg. 4 In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?

• Hypotension
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Voluntary muscle movements
• Shivering - Correct Answer - B. Tissue hypothermia slows the rate of

chemical reactions (tissue metabolism), increases the viscosity of the blood, slows blood flow through microcirculation, facilitates blood coagulation, and stimulates profound vasoconstriction. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective.

The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?

• Leukotrienes
• Prostaglandins
• Bradykinin
• C-reactive protein - Correct Answer - B. Primary dysmenorrhea is

painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles. This option is the only answer that accurately identifies the chemical mediator associated with dysmenorrhea.

Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?

• Premenstrual syndrome
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
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