NSG530 NSG 530 Exam 1

NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology - Wilkes Actual Questions and Answers 100% Guarantee Pass

This Exam contains:

 100% Guarantee Pass. Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question. Each Question Includes The Correct Answer  Expert-Verified explanation

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• When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the

blood cells are destroyed by:

• Complement-mediated cell lysis
• Phagocytosis by macrophages
• Phagocytosis in the spleen
• Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products

Answer: C) Phagocytosis in the spleen

Explanation: In cases of Rh incompatibility, antibodies target Rh-positive red blood cells, and these cells are typically cleared from circulation through phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.

• When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a

result of:

• Complement-mediated cell lysis
• Phagocytosis by macrophages
• Phagocytosis in the spleen
• Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products

Answer: D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products

Explanation: Soluble antigens can activate neutrophils, which release their granules containing cytotoxic substances. This process can contribute to tissue injury and inflammation.

• How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
• Complement-mediated cell lysis
• Phagocytosis by macrophages
• Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
• Natural killer cells

Answer: A) Complement-mediated cell lysis 2 / 4

Explanation: Type II hypersensitivity involves antibodies binding to target cells, which activates the complement system. This can lead to direct lysis of the cell through membrane attack complexes.

• Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type of hypersensitivity

reaction?

• Modulation
• Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
• Neutrophil-mediated damage
• Complement-mediated lysis

Answer: A) Modulation

Explanation: Graves' disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where

autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and hyperthyroidism.

• Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?
• Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation,

followed by the discharge of preformed mediators

• Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the

immune complexes being deposited in the tissues

• Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying

cellular targets

• Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface

Answer: B) Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues

Explanation: Type III hypersensitivity occurs when immune complexes formed from

antibodies binding to soluble antigens deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage through complement activation.

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6. Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

• Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
• Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
• Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
• Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens

Answer: C) Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease

Explanation: Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or altered immune response that leads to tissue damage, resulting in clinical disease. It encompasses various allergic reactions where the immune system overreacts to perceived threats.

7. A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

• Hemolytic shock
• Anaphylaxis
• Necrotizing vasculitis
• Systemic erythematosus

Answer: B) Anaphylaxis

Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid hypersensitivity reaction

characterized by a systemic response, including symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, and in severe cases, shock. It is a critical medical emergency.

• The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction mediated by which

class of immunoglobulins?

• IgE
• IgG
• IgM
• T cells

Answer: A) IgE

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