NSG552 NSG 552 EXAM 2

NSG552 / NSG 552 EXAM 2

Psychopharmacology - Wilkes Actual Questions and Answers 100% Guarantee Pass

This Exam contains:

 100% Guarantee Pass. Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question. Each Question Includes The Correct Answer  Expert-Verified explanation

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### 1. What medical conditions may precipitate anxiety?

Answer:

- Endocrine: Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders

- Neurological: Seizures

- Respiratory: COPD/Asthma

• Cardiac Disease

Explanation: Various medical conditions can mimic or exacerbate anxiety

symptoms. Hormonal imbalances in endocrine disorder s, neurological events like seizures, pulmonary limitations in respiratory diseases, and cardiac- related issues can all contribute to heightened anxiety.

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### 2. What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of ben zodiazepines?

Answer: Benzodiazepines enhance the activity of GABA at the GABA-A

receptor, act as positive allosteric modulators, bind to specific receptor sites, and increase the receptor's affinity for GABA.

Explanation: This results in increased chloride ion influx leading to

hyperpolarization of the neuron, thus reducing neuronal excitability and producing anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.

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### 3. What are the effects of benzodiazepines in the elderly population? 2 / 3

Answer: Increased fall risk and hip fracture risk.

Explanation: Due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyn amic

changes, elderly patients are more susceptible to the sedative effects of benzodiazepines, resulting in impaired coordination and balance, significantly increasing the risk of falls and related injuries.

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### 4. What are the clinical concerns when prescribing benzodiazepines?

Answer: Potential for abuse and addiction; physical dependence and

tolerance; known limitations include rebound insomnia.

Explanation: Benzodiazepines carry a risk of dependency, particularly when

used for prolonged periods. Tolerance can develop, necessitating higher doses for the same effect, and abrupt cessation leads to rebound symptoms, including anxiety and insomnia.

### 5. What is the first line of treatment for anxiety disorder?

Answer: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are the first-line

treatment for chronic anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and panic disorder.

Explanation: SSRIs, such as escitalopram and paroxetine, are preferred

due to their favorable safety and tolerability profile, as well as their efficacy

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