NUFT 204 Final Exam - 2. Palpation Answer: using the sense of touch, ...

NUFT 204 Final Exam (Latest -

• Inspection

Answer: the process of performing deliberate, purposeful, observations in a systematic manner

• Palpation

Answer: using the sense of touch, the hands and fingers are sensitive tools that can assess skin temperature, turgor, texture, and moisture, as well as vibrations within the body and shapes or structures within the body

• Percussion

Answer: the act of striking one object against another to produce sound. Using the fingertips, tapping the body to produce vibrations and sound waves.

• Auscultation

Answer: the act of listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced within the body. Performed using either the diaphragm or bell against the body part being assessed.

• Goiter

Answer: enlargement of the thyroid

• Thyroiditis

Answer: inflammation of the thyroid

• Weber's Test

Answer: Hearing test; Measuring air conduction; Screening for equal hearing (laterally) by holding tuning fork on the middle of the midline vertex of pt's head or middle of forehead

• Rinne Test

Answer: Hearing test; Measuring bone conduction;

Counting the seconds until the pt no longer hears the tuning fork ringing against the pt's mastoid process, and once they no longer hear it, move to 1-2in from ear canal and ask again when they

no longer hear it normal findings are a 2:1 ratio

(2 for beside the ear canal and 1 the mastoid process)

9. PERRLA

Answer: Pupils are Equal,

Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation

• Snellen Chart

Answer: Assess visual activity by having pt stand 20 feet from the eye chart reading to the smallest line possible one line at a time with one eye covered 1 / 3

***higher the denominator, the worse the vision

• Jaundice

Answer: Yellowing

• Conjunctiva

Answer: Pink Eye

• Apnea

Answer: temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. "Sleep apnea"

• Tachypnea

Answer: abnormal rapidly breathing.

• Bradypnea

Answer: refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate

• Eupnea

Answer: normal respiration

• Bronchial (tracheal) Breath Sounds

Answer: Usually heard in areas of the trachea and larynx;

Loud, high pitched sound, Expiratory sounds > Inspiratory sounds, Heard next to manubrium of sternum, If heard in any other location suggestive of consolidation

• Broncho Vesicular Breath Sounds

Answer: Usually heard over major bronchi, be- tween the scapullae, around the sternum; Intermediate intensity, intermediate pitch, Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration, Heard best 1st and 2nd ICS anteriorly, and between scapula posteriorly, If heard in any other location suggestive of consolidation

• Vesicular Breath Sounds

Answer: Usually heard over peripheral lung fields;

Soft, low pitched sound, Inspiratory > Expiratory sounds, Major normal BS, heard over most of lungs

• Tracheal Breath Sounds

Answer: Very loud, high pitched sound, Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration,

Heard over trachea

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• Crackles (Rales) Breath Sound

Answer:

-Discontinuous, intermittent, nonmusical, brief sounds -Heard more commonly with inspiration -Classified as fine or coarse -Normal at anterior lung bases -Maximal expiration -Prolonged recumbency -Crackles caused by air moving through secretions and collapsed alveoli -Associated conditions pulmonary edema, early CHF, PNA

• Wheeze Breath Sound

Answer:

-Continuous, high pitched, musical sound, longer than crackles -Hissing quality, heard > with expiration, however, can be heard on inspiration -Produced when air flows through narrowed airways -Associated conditions-asthma, COPD

• Rhonchi

Answer:

-Similar to wheezes -Low pitched, snoring quality, continuous, musical sounds -Implies obstruction of larger airways by secretions -Associated condition- acute bronchitis

• Stridor

Answer:

-Inspiratory musical wheeze -Loudest over trachea -Suggests obstructed trachea or larynx -Medical emergency requiring immediate attention -Associated condition = inhaled foreign body

• Atelectasis

Answer: collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

26. COPD

Answer: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Pleural Effusion

Answer: an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces of the lungs.

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