NUR 2115 EXAM 1 - diffusion Respiration #1 goal is to.... the tis...

NUR 2115 EXAM 1

• Oxygenate ventilation perfusion

diffusion

Respiration #1 goal is to....

the tissues through , , and

• Negative

1

For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be to expand the lung.The V/Q ratio is

• Ventilation

Respiratory Failure

Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?

-Inadequate ventilation

Low O2 & High CO2

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-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD, Pneumothorax) -Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD) -Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury)

• Oxygenation

Respiratory Failure

Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?-Ventilation adequate -Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism) -Hemorrhagic shock -Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning) -Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs)

5. SOB

hypoxemia hypercapnia acidosis

hypoxia

Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations

-Hallmark sign

-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds -Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions 2 / 4

-PaO2 <50 = -PaCO2 >50= -pH <7.35= -SPO2 <90%=

6. 80-100

35-45 22-26

7.35-7.45

compensated

Normal ABG Values

PaO2

PCO2

HCO3

pH

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HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= Full= pH within norms Partial= pH not within norms

• Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia

What are the ABG results? pH <7.35

PO2 <80

PCO2 35-45

HCO3 <22

• Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

What are the ABG results? pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35

PO2 90-100

PCO2 >45 HCO3 >30

• Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

What are the ABG results? pH >7.45

PO2 80-100

PCO2 >45 HCO3 > 26

• Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia

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