NUR 213 Test 2 Ch.2 - -A group of symptoms or syndrome in response to...

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NUR 213 Test 2 Ch.2

• Sepsis

Answer -Life-threatening syndrome in response to an infection -A group of symptoms or syndrome in response to an infection that can include organ dysfunction related to the infection -Infection fighting processes turn on the body, causing organs to work poorly

• Sepsis Risk Factors

Answer -Infants, children, older adults -People who have serious injuries -People who survived sepsis -People with recent severe illness or hospitalization -People with chronic medical condition-Diabetes -Immunosuppressed patients- HIV, Chemotherapy Patients

• Causes of Sepsis

Answer •Gram-negative & Gram-positive bacteria • Parasites • Fungi • Viruses • The causative agent may not be identified

• Sepsis S/S

Answer -Increased HR/ weak pulse -Confusion/ Disorientation -Extreme pain/ Discomfort -Fever/Shivering/ Cold -Shortness of breath -Clammy or sweaty skin

• Sepsis assessments and monitoring

Answer -Temperature/ Fever -CBC/ WBC/ Neutrophils 1 / 4

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-BP/HR/RR

-Skin assessment -Mental Status -Blood sugar -Cultures and sensitivity -Lung sounds

• Sepsis Blood Cultures

Answer -Blood Cultures

Answer Identify probable microorganisms by characteristics

Answer shape, growth patterns and gram-staining qualities -Sensitivity Testing= After organism is cultured, it is subjected to sensitivity testing using various antibiotics to determine which antibiotic is to be MOST EFFECTIVE, Usually takes 24- 48 hours to grow organism, SPECIMENS SHOULD BE OBTAINED BEFORE ANTIBIOTIC

THERAPY INITIATED

• Meningitis

Answer Inflammation of the protective membranes covering of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

• Bacterial Meningitis

Answer Meningitis caused by bacteria can be deadly and requires immediate medical attention.Vaccines are available to help protect against some

kinds of bacterial meningitis.

• Viral Meningitis

Answer Meningitis caused by viruses is serious but often is less severe than bacterial meningitis. People with normal immune systems who get viral menin- gitis usually get better on their own. There are vaccines to prevent some kinds of viral meningitis.

• Meningitis Causes

Answer -Several types of bacteria can cause meningitis. Leading causes in the United States include 2 / 4

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Answer

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Group B Streptococcus
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Listeria monocytogenes
• E Coli.
• Meningitis Risk Factors

Answer -Age

Answer babies -Group Setting -Certain Medical Conditions -Working with meningitis causing pathogens -Travel

• How is meningitis spread?

Answer -Group B Streptococcus and E. coli

Answer Mothers can pass these bacteria to their babies during birth.-H. influenzae, M. tuberculosis, and S. pneumoniae

Answer People spread these bacteria by coughing or sneezing while in close contact with others, who breathe in the bacteria.-N. meningitidis

Answer People spread these bacteria by sharing respiratory or throat secretions (saliva or spit). This typically occurs during close (coughing or kissing) or lengthy (living together) contact.-E. coli

Answer People can get these bacteria by eating food prepared by people who did not wash their hands well after using the toilet.

• Brudzinski's sign 3 / 4

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Answer Flexion of the hips and knees in response to neck flexion

• Kernig's sign

Answer Resistance to extension of the leg while the hip is flexed

• Meningitis CAT scan

Answer -Done before a LP -To rule out obstruction of foramen magnum to prevent a fluid shift resulting in herniation. Can reveal increased ICP or hydrocephalus

• Bacterial Meningitis LP- CSF

Answer -Increased WBC -Increased protein -Decreased glucose -Positive bacteria -Cloudy to turbidity

• Viral Meningitis LP-CSF

Answer -Slightly increased WBC -Normal protein -Normal glucose -Negative bacteria -Clear

• When teaching the staff about how the health care provider strives to work effectively within

the cultural context of a client, which cultural principle is the nurse leader explaining?

• Cultural diversity
• Cultural sensitivity
• Cultural imposition
• Cultural competence

Answer D

• Which results are the benefits of providing culturally competent care?
• Increased client safety, Reduced health disparities, Increased client satis- faction
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