NUR 3125 - Exam 2 Latest Update -

NUR 3125 - Exam #2 Latest Update - Actual Exam 150 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by the Professor _____ and ______ indicates infection in urine test - CORRECT ANSWER: nitrite & leukocyte esterase

______ will compensate first, _______ will lag behind - CORRECT ANSWER: lungs,

kidneys

• theories of nephrolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. supersaturation of urine by stone

forming constituents

• deposition of calcium phosphate -> plaque becomes a calculi
• deficiency of one or all proteins that inhibit stone formation

acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - CORRECT ANSWER: unstable angina to MI (cardiac

emergency)

acute hypercapnic respiratory failure - CORRECT ANSWER: unable to maintain a level of alveolar ventilation sufficient to eliminate CO2 and keep arterial O2 levels within normal range - ventilatory FAILURE

acute hypoxemic respiratory failure - CORRECT ANSWER: mismatch of ventilation and perfusion (lungs ventilated but not perfused) - NOT oxygenating

acute kidney injury - CORRECT ANSWER: decreased GFR, increased BUN &

creatinine

ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER: diffuse alveolar injury, pulmonary capillary damage,

bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia

• severity evaluated by PF ratio 1 / 3

asthma - CORRECT ANSWER: hyper reactive airway disease, chronic inflammatory

disease, bronchial hyper reactivity, REVERSIBLE AIRWAY CONSTRICTION

patho:

• presence of EOSINOPHILS, lymphocytes, mast cells
• IgE mediated
• TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-5
• eosinophils release LEUKOTRIENES -> release of HISTAMINE from mast cells

clinical man:

WHEEZING, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, USE OF ACCESSORY MUSCLES (abdominal/intercostal)

atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER: incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of lung

atypical pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER: caused viral and mycoplasma infections

that involve alveolar septum and interstitium of lung (patchy)

• pneumoniae
• influenza
• RSV

less striking symptoms

BUN - CORRECT ANSWER: increases azotemia when:

• kidney is dysfunctional
• HIGH protein diet is consumed
• DEHYDRATION concentrates blood urea
• / 3

calcium oxalate - CORRECT ANSWER: 75%

• hyperabsorption

chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER: - hypersecretion of mucus and edema inhibit ventilation

• cannot get air IN
• cough for 3 MONTHS OUT OF THE YEAR FOR 2 CONSECUTIVE YEARS
• chronic hypoxia
• clubbing of fingernails
• blue boater

chronic ischemic heart disease - CORRECT ANSWER: recurrent, transient myocardial ischemia and stable angina

chronic renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER: - usually progresses to ESRD

• hemodialysis or kidney transplant are the ONLY options to support life

clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury - CORRECT ANSWER: METABOLIC

ACIDOSIS, volume overload -> pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, HYPERKALEMIA, CVA tenderness, HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA, OLIGURIA (< 400 mL urine output per day or < 20 mL per hour)

clinical manifestations of ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER: rapid onset (12-18 hrs),

tachycardia, marked hypoxemia (refractory hypoxemia), BILATERAL INFILTRATES, non-compliant lung (very stiff)

clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWER: dark urine, DRY mucous membranes, low urine output, orthostatic hypotension, poor skin turgor

clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER: ascites, crackles in lungs, dyspnea, edema, weight gain (2 # = 1 L fluid)

• / 3