NUR 325 Electrolyte Imbalances

NUR 325 Electrolyte Imbalances

• hypovolemia

Answer Too little Fluid (ECV deficit)

• Clinical Manifestations of Hypovolemia

Answer

• sudden weight loss
• skin tenting
• dry mucous membranes
• vascular underload
• rapid thready pulse
• postural BP drop with HR increase
• lightheadedness
• flat neck veins when supine
• oliguria (low urine output)
• syncope (loss of consciousness)
• circulatory shock if severe
• pallor
• lower body temperature

• Causes of Hypovolemia

Answer -Water & Blood loss -Gastrointestinal losses -Severe burns -Third spacing(Fluids go to other body cavities) -Excessive sweating -Fever -Medications -Trauma

• Extreme Dehydration/Malnutrition 1 / 2

• diagnosis of hypovolemia

Answer increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) levels

• treatment of hypovolemia

Answer Fluid replacement Increase the amount of fluid volume in body (fluid resuscitation) Treat underlying cause Blood transfusion

• Client Education of hypovolemia

Answer Would recommend increasing intake of water/liquids. Stay alert for any identifying factors that could show dehydration occur- ring.

Wear PPE to avoid severe cuts and burns Treat illnesses and infections immediately Avoid activities that cause excessive sweating

• Hypervolemia

Answer Too much fluid/water (ECV excess)

• Causes of hypervolemia

Answer Heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy, excess IV fluid

• Clinical manifestations of hypervolemia

Answer Sudden weight gain, dependent edema, vascular overload

bounding pulse, distended neck veins when upright, dyspnea, pulmonary edema if severe

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