NUR 339 Exam 7 - Answer protects the oral mucosa/coats food as i...

NUR 339 Exam 7

• What is the role of salivary secretions?

Answer protects the oral mucosa/coats food as it passes through the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus contains enzyme lysozyme (antibacterial) contains ptyalin and amylase (digestion of starch)

• What is the role of gastric secretions?

Answer protection of pyloric mucosa

• What do pyloric glands secrete?

Answer mucus and gastrin

• What do oxyntic glands secrete?

Answer mucous neck cells and peptic chief cells

• What do peptic (chief) cells secrete?

Answer pepsinogen

• What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer HCl and intrinsic factor

• What is the gastric mucosal barrier?

Answer tight junction in epithelial cell to prevent acid penetration, covered with hydrophobic lipid layer

• What 2 things can cross the hydrophobic lipid layer? 1 / 3

Answer alcohol and aspirin

• What does the pancreas secrete to aid in digestion?

Answer trypsin (breakdown dietary proteins)

pancreatic amylase (breaks down starch/lipases/triglycerides)

• How does the gallbladder aid in digestion?

Answer stores and concentrates bile (breaks down fats)

secretes bile through bile duct into duodenum (stimulated by entrance of food)

• How does the liver aid in digestion?

Answer produces bile processes and stores (CHOs, fats/proteins, vitamins/minerals) synthesizes cholesterol and triglycerides

regulates metabolism of fats, CHO, and proteins

• What does the liver excrete?

Answer bile and cholesterol converts ammonia to urea

eliminates bilirubin detoxifies drugs, hormones, and foreign substances

• what is bile essential for?

Answer fat digestion and absorption (emulsifies)

• What cells release pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 2 / 3

acinar cells

• Where is the bile duct formed?

Answer when the common hepatic duct unites with the cystic duct

• what is the most common disorder of the esophagus?

Answer GERD (gastroe- sophageal reflux disease)

• what is the cause of GERD?

Answer weak lower esophageal sphincter and increased intraabdominal pressure

• manifestations of GERD

Answer regurgitation (especially after meals) heartburn

pain or burning in retrosternal area (may radiate to shoulder or back) wheezing, cough, hoarseness

• contributing factors of reflux

Answer food (fats, chocolate, caffeine) fluids (caffeine, alcohol)

medications (that depress CNS) gastric distention (large meals) cigarette smoking recumbent posture (laying down after eating)

• What medications are used to treat GERD?

Answer antacids H2 blocking agents Proton pump inhibitors

• How is GERD diagnosed?
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