Nur 600 Exam 1 - Answers Rated A+ Drugs that are receptor agonis...

Nur 600 Exam 1 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+

Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property?

• Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site
• Up-regulation with chronic use
• Desensitization or down-regulation with continuous use
• Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action -

ANSWER-C. Desensitization or down-regulation with continuous use

Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may

cause:

• Down-regulation of the drug receptor
• An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued
• Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs
• An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists -ANSWER-
• An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued

Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include:

• Liver enzyme activity
• Protein-binding properties of the drug molecule
• Lipid solubility of the drug
• Ability to chew and swallow -ANSWER-C. Lipid solubility of the

drug

Drugs administered via intravenous (IV) route:

• Need to be lipid soluble in order to be easily absorbed
• Begin distribution into the body immediately
• Are easily absorbed if they are non-ionized

• May use pinocytosis to be absorbed -ANSWER-B. Begin

distribution into the body immediately

When a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect, the

combined effect of the drugs is:

• The sum of the effects of each drug individually
• Greater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually
• Less than the effect of each drug individually
• Not predictable, as it varies with each individual -ANSWER-B.

Greater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually

Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true?

• Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow

therapeutic ranges or sustained release mechanisms.

• All brands of a drug have the same bioavailability.
• Drugs that are administered more than once a day have greater

bioavailability than drugs given once daily.

• Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect -

ANSWER-A. Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges or sustained release mechanisms.

Which of the following statements about the major distribution barriers (blood brain or fetal-placental) is true?

• Water soluble and ionized drugs cross these barriers rapidly.
• The blood-brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from

brain cells.

• The fetal-placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by

the mother.

• Lipid soluble drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for

pregnant women -ANSWER-B. The blood-brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells.

Drugs are metabolized mainly by the liver via Phase I or Phase II

reactions. The purpose of both of these types of reactions is to:

• Inactivate prodrugs before they can be activated by target tissues
• Change the drugs so they can cross plasma membranes
• Change drug molecules to a form that an excretory organ can

excrete

• Make these drugs more ionized and polar to facilitate excretion -

ANSWER-C. Change drug molecules to a form that an excretory organ can excrete

Once they have been metabolized by the liver, the metabolites may

be:

• More active than the parent drug
• Less active than the parent drug
• Totally "deactivated" so that they are excreted without any effect
• All of the above -ANSWER-D. All of the above

All drugs continue to act in the body until they are changed or excreted. The ability of the body to excrete drugs via the renal system

would be increased by:

• Reduced circulation and perfusion of the kidney
• Chronic renal disease
• Competition for a transport site by another drug
• Unbinding a nonvolatile drug from plasma proteins -ANSWER-D.

Unbinding a nonvolatile drug from plasma proteins

Teady state is:

• The point on the drug concentration curve when absorption

exceeds excretion

• When the amount of drug in the body remains constant
• When the amount of drug in the body stays below the MTC

• All of the above -ANSWER-B. When the amount of drug in the body

remains constant

Two different pain meds are given together for pain relief. The drug-

drug interaction is:

• Synergistic
• Antagonistic
• Potentiative
• Additive -ANSWER-D. Additive

.Actions taken to reduce drug-drug interaction problems include all of

the following EXCEPT:

• Reducing the dose of one of the drugs
• Scheduling their administration at different times
• Prescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the

combination

• Reducing the dosage of both drugs -ANSWER-C. Prescribing a

third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination

Phase I oxidative-reductive processes of drug metabolism require certain nutritional elements. Which of the following would reduce or inhibit this process?

• Protein malnutrition
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Both A and B
• Neither A nor B -ANSWER-D. Neither A nor B

The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by

50% is called:

• Steady state
• Half-life
• Phase II metabolism