NUR 651 FINAL BRADLEY UNIVERSITY

NUR 651 FINAL BRADLEY UNIVERSITY

EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS GRADED A+

Which of the types of chemical bonding between drugs and their receptors is the least common? Ans- Covalent Which type of drug classification is most important to the practitioner? Ans- Therapeutic Mechanism of Action Ans- The manner in which molecular targets are affected by the drug Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) can lead the patient to Ans- stop taking the drug Half-life is defined as Ans- The time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to be reduced by 50 percent When one drug is more efficacious than another, it has... Ans- A greater ability to initiate a response What is bioavailability? Ans- The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation following administration by any route Absorption is defined as: Ans- The transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the blood How can Competitive antagonism be overcome? Ans- by adding more agonist How is children's dosing most often calculated? Ans- MG/KG A patient complains of pain from a migraine. How would the practitioner classify this type of pain? Ans- Central Neuropathic Pain What stage of nociception is occurring when neurotransmitters in the dorsal horn directly or indirectly depolarize the second-order neurons? Ans- Trasmission What are the four processes of Nociception Ans- transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception A practitioner conducting a pain assessment asks the patient, "Is the pain consistent or intermittent?" What character of pain is the practitioner assessing? Ans- Temporal pattern 1 / 2

What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen in 24 hours? Ans- 4 grams Etodolac is in the same drug class as ibuprofen. What is its mechanism of action? Ans- It inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme.What kind of drug is Naloxone (Narcan) Ans- opioid antagonist Acetaminophen and alcohol have a complex relationship in the liver. Why? (3 reasons) Ans- 1. They are both metabolized by the same liver enzyme.

• Alcohol inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes acetaminophen.
• The enzyme that metabolizes acetaminophen is induced by alcohol.

What is a contraindication of ibuprofen? Ans- Ulcers An adverse effect of opiates in elders is... Ans- Bone fractures Aspirin is different from the other NSAIDs because... Ans- It binds irreversibly to the COX enzyme One of the properties that insulins are differentiated by is... Ans- Duration of action Which form of insulin is the most bioavailable? Ans- Humalog What is the mechanism of action of sitagliptin (Januvia)? Ans- Slows the inactivation of incretin hormones by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 How does canagliflozin (Invokana) control blood glucose levels? Ans- By reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys What is the mechanism of action of Lantus? Ans- Insulin precipitates into crystals and is slowly absorbed over 24 hours The most common complication of insulin therapy is... Ans- Hypoglycemia What is the mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas? Ans- Increases insulin secretion What drug is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes? Ans- Metformin What are the primary symptoms of ketoacidosis? Ans- Excessive thirst and frequent urination

Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed when the A1C value is over: Ans- 6.5%

Description of Type 1 Diabetes Ans- An autoimmune disorder that destroys the beta cells in the pancreas

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