NURBN ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100

NURBN (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS WITH 100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS

List and discuss 4 (four) main signs and symptoms of 'Gastric Oesophageal Reflux Disease - ---Ans-----heartburn -acid reflux -bloating -chest pain

List and discuss 4 (four) main causes and/or risk factors for a 'Gastric Oesophageal Reflux Disease' - ---Ans-----Obesity -Alcohol -Smoking -Caffeine

Discuss potential complications from 'Gastric Oesophageal Reflux Disease' - ---Ans-----Bleeding may occur -Can be severely restrictive -Barrett's Oesophagus

non-pharmacological treatment - gord - ---Ans-----Sleep sitting at ~30 degrees (with pillows) -Reduce food intake before bed -Weight loss -Reduce alcohol/caffeine intake

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inflammatory bowel disease - ---Ans----inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Identify and describe the main characteristics of 'Inflammatory Bowel Disease - ---Ans----diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, fatigue and weight loss

Crohn's disease - ---Ans----chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

ulcerative colitis - ---Ans----chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Describe the pathophysiology of the main types of 'Inflammatory Bowel Disease', in particular between 'Crohn's Disease' and 'Ulcerative Colitis - ---Ans----Crohn's disease causes pain and swelling in the digestive tract. It can affect any part from the mouth to the anus. It most commonly affects the small intestine and upper part of the large intestine.Ulcerative colitis causes swelling and sores (ulcers) in the large intestine (colon and rectum).

Define Bowel Cancer - ---Ans----cancer that starts in the large bowel (colon) and the back passage (rectum)

Colorectal Cancer - ---Ans----adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

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Pathophysiology of colorectal cancer - ---Ans----Colorectal polyps are closely associated with the development of cancer, arising from the mucosal epithelium. The larger the polyp, the greater the risk of colorectal cancer -------->Colorectal cancer starts in the glands of the mucosal lining, forming an adenocarcinoma.

describe the link between colorectal cancer and polyps in the bowel - ---Ans----most colorectal cancers start as a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are called polyps. Some types of polyps can change into cancer over time

Explain why most colorectal cancers become metastatic (spread to another site in the body) before being detected - --- Ans----Cancer cells may break away from a tumor in the colon or rectum and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

list methods of detection for 'Colorectal Cancers' - ---Ans---- colonoscopy or CT colonography.

Provide a brief explanation of the vomiting reflex - ---Ans---- Relaxation of gastric muscles followed by small intestinal

retrograde peristalsis; Ejection phase: Comprises of retching

and vomiting including expulsion of gastric content

list two (2) modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer - --- Ans----Lack of regular physical activity. 3 / 4

A diet low in fruit and vegetables

three (3) clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer - ---Ans- ----a persistent change in your bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in the consistency of your stool.-Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool.-persistent abdominal discomfort

Describe a 'polyp' and how the development of polyps can increase the risk of colon cancer - ---Ans----Depending on their size and location in the colon, serrated polyps may become cancerous

describe two (2) treatment options for colorectal cancer - --- Ans-----chemotherapy, which can be used to slow the spread of the disease and often temporarily shrink a cancerous tumor.-surgery

symptoms of stroke - ---Ans----Face Arms Speech Time

risk factors for embolic and haemorrhagic stroke - ---Ans---- embolic stroke

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