NURS 200 Exam NURS 200 Actual

NURS 200 Exam NURS 200 Actual Exam Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+

What is the analogy of the iceberg when referring to systems thinking?-answer-- only 10% of the structure is visible

• enables us to use different lenses to view the system and expand

our perspectives to include various patterns, structures, or events that may cause a critical event to occur

What are the four components of the iceberg analogy? -answer-1. The

events level/observable variables: (how we perceive the

world/situations)

2. The patterns of behaviour level: noticing patterns/trends - similar

events taking place over time -> forecast and forestall events

3. The structure level: whats causing the pattern? What are the

interrelationships? (e.g. Structures, physical things, organizations, policies, rituals, or habitual behaviours

4. The mental model level: assumptions, attitudes, beliefs,

expectations, values, etc. That shape an individuals perception.Learned over time, often subconsciously

What is systems thinking? -answer-- understanding systems by examining the linkages and interactions between the elements that compose the entirety of the system

• enables you to recognize the full context within which patients exist

What is the general systems theory? -answer-- created by bertalanffy in 1968

• as system is a set of interrelated interacting parts within a boundary
• a system has a purpose, structure and function

• as a result of the interrelationships, a system is more than the sum of

its parts

What is the study of complexity science? -answer-- the study of complex systems

• the patterns of relationships within them, how they are sustained,

how they self-organize, and how outcomes emerge

What is systems thinking in healthcare? -answer-- healthcare is full of complex challenges, often their origins are not in a single cause or problem but rather in multiple causes across a system

• an approach to tackling healthcare problems to achieve better

outcomes, reduce complexities, minimize errors and variations in practice

• provides science, theory, knowledge and skills needed to see

interrelationships, patterns of change, structures, and processes underlying patient scenarios

- provides strategies and tools to help: recognize different

perspectives, identify structural and functional relationships, drivers of change, change processes, recognize the impact of environmental and social factors on patients

Why is healthcare considered a complex system? -answer-- due to the interconnections between and among systems

- multiple actors, agents, stakeholders including: professionals,

healthcare teams, patients + families, technologies, suppliers, etc.

• all contribute to the complexity

What are the 12 social determinants of health? -answer-1. Income and social status

• Employment and working conditions
• Education and literacy

• Childhood experiences
• Physical environments
• Social supports and coping skills
• Healthy behaviours
• Access to health services
• Biology and genetic endowment
• Gender
• Culture
• Race / racism

Why is healthcare considered a complex adaptive system? -answer-- characterized by uncertainty and complexity

• delivering and receiving healthcare are not always predictable and

tend to change both due to changes within and outside their environment

• all agents in this system learn and change because of their

experiences

• human behaviour
• a great variety of system design which has a strong influence on

human behaviour

Recognizing the full context in healthcare means what? -answer-- engage effectively in interacting with the healthcare system on multiple levels

• see and anticipate interrelationships between and among systems
• understand how interactions and our decisions impact organizational

and patient health outcomes (i.e. Quality, efficiency, cost)

• reinforces nurses roles in safety and quality improvement
• promote patient centred care and evidence-based practice

Overall how does systems thinking improve leadership in healthcare?-answer-- helps individuals understand complexity science and

employing a systems thinking approach to provide system-based practice as opposed to treating individual patients or diseases

What does micro refer to in systems thinking? -answer-- specific patients and care teams

What does meso refer to in systems thinking? -answer-- the organization where care takes place

What does macro refer to in systems thinking? -answer-- the healthcare systems and the broader societal issues

What does systems thinking require? -answer-- curiosity, intentionality, and the ability to question

Examples of how systems thinkers would think -answer-- are concerned with the whole

• are concerned with the process
• are concerned with the underlying dynamics
• try to identify patterns
• try to find patterns amid the chaos
• care about content but are more attentive to interactions and

patterns of communication

• believe organizations are unpredictable in a chaotic environment

How is systems thinking exemplified in healthcare providers? -answer-

• the changing role of healthcare providers
• work in different practice settings and effectively work in

interprofessional teams to coordinate care delivery

• provide patient-centered, high quality, and cost effective care
• prevent harm and introduce improvements