Nurs 617 Pharmacotherapeutics Final Exam

Nurs 617 Pharmacotherapeutics Final Exam Latest Update - 160 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+

< 500 Da - CORRECT ANSWER: threshold for medications to cross placental barriers

• steps of ADR prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. identify subgroup of patients who

are likely to be susceptible to the adverse effect and modify the treatment choice accordingly

• ensure the treatment plan mitigates any possible adverse effects

3 ways renal disease affect a drug - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. patient susceptibility

(renal impairment may make patient more vulnerable)

• pharmacodynamic change (drug effect may increase or decrease with renal

impairment)

• pharmacokinetic change (some drugs have higher steady state concentrations in

patients with renal impairment)

30-50% - CORRECT ANSWER: percentage of cardiac output increase in a pregnant

person

50-80% - CORRECT ANSWER: percentage of GFR increase in a pregnant person;

lowers concentration of really eliminated meds

50% - CORRECT ANSWER: percentage of plasma volume increase in a pregnant

person; affects Vd of meds

ABC transporters - CORRECT ANSWER: efflux; responsible for transport of diverse

substrates out of cell using ATP

absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: the process that brings a drug from the

administration (eg. tablet or capsule) into systemic circulation

adverse drug event - CORRECT ANSWER: injury resulting from medical intervention

related to drug; preventable and nonpreventable; 25% are medication errors; always causes harm

adverse drug event vs. adverse drug reaction - CORRECT ANSWER: event: injury resulting from drug, may include reaction, overdose, or harm from use

reaction: response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, occurs at normal doses, causal link between drug and ADR

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adverse drug reaction - CORRECT ANSWER: side effect; minor to major; an

appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product; usually predict hazard from future administration and warrant prevention, specific treatment, alteration of the dosage, or withdrawal of the product

agonist - CORRECT ANSWER: binds to a receptor and produces the same effect as a

natural body ligand would; partial agonist produces lower response

alterations by genetic variants - CORRECT ANSWER: variation on metabolism;

variation among adverse effects that are not based on the drug's action; response or lack of response by genetic variation in the drug treatment target

antacids in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: aluminum, calcium, magnesium

Magnesium trisilicate-based antacids (eg, Gaviscon®) are less preferred because when used in high doses or long-term have been associated with nephrolithiasis, hypotonia, cardiovascular impairment and respiratory disease in the fetus. Alka seltzer not recommended due to risk for fluid overload and metabolic acidosis.

antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: binds to a receptor and stops allowing other

substances to bind to the receptor; competitive antagonist is reversible; irreversibly antagonist forms covalent bonds and cannot be displaced

asthma and allergies in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: corticosteroids, oral

antihistamines

AUC - CORRECT ANSWER: area under the plasma concentration curve; a method of

calculating drug bioavailability of substances with different dissemination characteristics; calculate the integral of the curve

baseline risk of teratogenic effects - CORRECT ANSWER: 3-5%

bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER: the fraction of the originally administered drug that arrives in systemic circulation (eg. IV has 100% of the drug arrive in circulation virtually instantly, so bioavailability is 100%)

budget impact analysis (BIA) - CORRECT ANSWER: estimates the impact of

implementing or adopting a new intervention, or technology on a designated healthcare budget

Child-Pugh score - CORRECT ANSWER: estimates cirrhosis mortality

chronic kidney disease (CKD) - CORRECT ANSWER: gradual loss of kidney function

occurring over months to years; GFR <60mL/min and albumin > 30mg per g of creatinine) and one or more symptom markers for > 3 months

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