NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN

NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN

UNIVERSITY MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM AND

PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS

WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED

A

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis

What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -

ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the

membrane potential from negative to positive.

A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the

following? - ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY

A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?

- ANSWER-ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease

An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Expressivity

In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.

When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is

caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive

infective endocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of endothelium that lines heart and cardiac valves.most commonly damages mitral valve, then aortic and tricuspid valves. commonly caused by bacteria that are normally present in the body. can also occur after an invasive medical or dental procedure. 1 / 3

symptoms: valvular dysfunction, may affect organ systems, chest pain, CHF, clubbing, meningitis, low back pain, arthralgia, arthritis

myocarditis - ANSWER-inflammation of the myocardium with necrosis of cardiac myocytes

biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium with lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and granulomas

direct cardiomyocyte injury cased by an infectious or other cardiotoxic agent OR myocardial injury caused by an autoimmune reaction to an infectious or cardiotoxic agent

aortic regurgitation - ANSWER-(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole

aortic stenosis - ANSWER-calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta during systole

mitral regurgitation - ANSWER-mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle back into left atrium during systole

mitral stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the mitral valve orifice that impedes blood flow from the left atrium to the left vetricle

mitral valve prolapse - ANSWER-Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers.

billowing of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole

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pulmonic regurgitation - ANSWER-pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

causes blood from from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole

pulmonic stenosis - ANSWER-narrowing of the opening and valvular area between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery during systole

deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER-blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb d/t impaired venous return, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability

thrombi - ANSWER-__ consist of thrombin, fibrin, and red blood cells with few platelets and without treatment can travel to the lungs causing PE

Hypertension - ANSWER-high blood pressure sustained SBP >130

BP= cardiac output x total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)

HTN leads to ↑ CO, ↑ TPR

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER-ANSWER: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)

The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANSWER-

ANSWER: Sodium

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER-ANSWER: Reduced protein synthesis

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