NURS 8022 EXAM 3 - What happens to the percentage of body water th...

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NURS 8022 EXAM 3

EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.

What happens to the percentage of body water through the lifespan? - correct answer- Newborns; 75-90% Childhood; 60-65% Adults; 60% Older adults; declines with age

Why do older adults experience a decrease in body percentage of water? - correct answer- - increased adipose tissue

• decreased muscle mass
• renal decline
• diminished thirst

What is the definition of osmotic force? - correct answer- Amt.of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.

What is filtration? - correct answer- movement of fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space

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What is reabsorption? - correct answer- movement of fluid from interstitial space into the capillary

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure? - correct answer- (blood pressure) facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space

What is capillary oncotic pressure? - correct answer- Water pulling

attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary osmotically

What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure? - correct answer- Water pushing.

facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary

What is interstitial oncotic pressure? - correct answer- water pulling

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attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space osmotically.

What is Starlings hypothesis? - correct answer- Net filtration = forces favoring filtration - forces opposing filtration

What forces favor filtration? - correct answer- 1. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

• interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)

What forces oppose filtration? - correct answer- 1. Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water pulling)

• Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

What is the major force of filtration and reabosoprtion? - correct answer- capillary pressures

What happens at the arteriole end of the capillary in terms of fluid forces? - correct answer- hydrostatic pressure > interstitial oncotic pressure = water into the insterstitial space

FILTRATION 3 / 4

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What happens at the venous end of a capillary in terms of fluid forces? - correct answer- capillary oncotic pressure > interstitial hydrostatic pressure = fluid back into ciruclation

REABSORPTION

What is the pathophysiology of edema? - correct answer- increased in forces favoring fluid filtration from the capillaries or lymphatic channels into the tissues

What is the primary ECF cation? - correct answer- Sodium

What is the primary ECF anion? - correct answer- Chloride

Describe the relationship btw. Chloride and sodium and bicarbonate - correct answer- Cl follow sodium and varies inversely with bicarb.

What hormone regulates sodium? where is it synthesized? - correct answer- Aldosterone. Synthesized in the adrenal cortex.

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