Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Vol. 2, 4e Pearson

Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Vol. 2, 4e (Pearson)

Module 22 Addiction The Concept of Addiction 1) The nurse at an outpatient addiction clinic uses the following diagram as a teaching tool. In which way should this diagram be interpreted?

• Most abused substances either imitate or block the action of neurotransmitters.
• In order to be addictive, a substance must cause the release of excess neurotransmitters.
• Substances that exert antagonistic effects can be used to counteract the addictive tendencies of

substances that exert agonistic effects.

• People with addictive personalities process neurotransmitters differently than people who are

less prone to addiction.

Answer: A

Explanation: A) Most abused substances either mimic or block neurotransmitters at critical receptor sites.

• These drugs exert agonistic effects if they boost neurotransmitter synthesis, increase

neurotransmitter release, or activate receptors that normally respond to neurotransmitters.

• Abused substances exert antagonistic effects if they interfere with neurotransmitter release,

occupy receptor sites that are normally sensitive to neurotransmitters, or cause leakage of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles. Both drugs with agonistic effects and those with antagonistic effects can be addictive, and administering one class of drug will not counteract the addictive tendencies of the other class.

• Researchers have not identified an addictive personality type.

Page Ref: 1694

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning, Volume 2, 4e By Pearson (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) 1

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Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Domains and Competencies: 2.7 Evaluate outcomes of care. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality

and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 22.1. Summarize the processes involved in addiction.

MNL LO: Analyze the concept of addiction and its application to nursing care.

2) A public health nurse is presenting a teaching session about alcohol use to a group of college seniors. During the session, one of the students admits to frequent alcohol use. Which action should the nurse take?

• Initiate a community assessment of the campus
• Contact the campus nurse and refer the student for services
• Notify campus security that the student may be driving while intoxicated
• Complete a crisis assessment with the student

Answer: D

Explanation: A) A community assessment is not necessary at this time because the issue appears to be limited to this particular student.

• Contacting the campus nurse is not advised without the student's permission.
• There is no evidence that the student is driving while intoxicated.
• The student should be assessed to determine the extent of crisis he or she is facing as the

result of frequent alcohol use. This crisis assessment will allow the nurse to determine the appropriate course of action.

Page Ref: 1702

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need/Sub: Psychosocial Integrity

Standards: QSEN Competencies: I.A.1. Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-centered care: Patient/family/community preferences, values; Coordination and integration of care; Information, communication, and education; Physical comfort and emotional support; Involvement of family and friends; Transition and continuity. | AACN Domains and Competencies: 2.3 Integrate assessment skills in practice. | NLN Competencies: Relationship Centered Care: Effective communication. | Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 22.5. Differentiate common assessment procedures and tests used to examine individuals suspected of abusing a substance.

MNL LO: Analyze the concept of addiction and its application to nursing care.

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3) The nurse educator is teaching a group of students about theories of addiction. Which student statements indicate proper understanding of these theories? Select all that apply.

• "Addiction occurs because of a lack of emotional attachment."
• "There is a biological factor involved in the development of addiction."
• "There are social factors that contribute to the development of addiction."
• "There is a moral factor involved in the development of addiction."
• "There are psychologic elements involved in the development of addiction."

Answer: B, C, E

Explanation: A) Viewing addiction as only a behavioral or emotional problem oversimplifies a complex issue.

• E. Morton Jellinek first identified biological factors in his disease model of alcoholism.
• Sociocultural factors often influence individuals' decisions as to when, what, and how they

use substances.

• The view of addiction as a moral disease is nontherapeutic.
• Research indicates a high correlation among substance use and childhood and adolescent

trauma, such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. Substance abuse often co-occurs with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, as some individuals use a substance as a coping strategy and, over time, develop an addiction.

Page Ref: 1694-1695

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need/Sub: Psychosocial Integrity

Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Domains and Competencies: 2.7 Evaluate outcomes of care. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality

and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 22.1. Summarize the processes involved in addiction.

MNL LO: Analyze the concept of addiction and its application to nursing care.

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4) The nurse observes the family dynamics of an adolescent client who has an addiction problem.Which behavior indicates to the nurse that the family is demonstrating codependency behavior?

• The family is intolerant of any frustration on the part of the client.
• The family engages in actions that enable the client's self-destructive behavior.
• The family is argumentative about seemingly insignificant issues.
• The family exhibits high levels of impatience.

Answer: B

Explanation: A) Although intolerance of frustration may also be present in this family, they are generally not related to the cycle of codependence and addiction.

• Codependence is a cluster of maladaptive behaviors exhibited by the significant others of a

substance-abusing individual that serve to protect and perpetuate the abuse. Codependence frequently involves enabling behavior, which is any action an individual takes that either consciously or unconsciously facilitates substance dependence.

• Although argumentative behaviors may also be present in this family, they are generally not

related to the cycle of codependence and addiction.

• Although impatience may also be present in this family, they are generally not related to the

cycle of codependence and addiction.

Page Ref: 1697

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need/Sub: Psychosocial Integrity

Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Domains and Competencies: 2.3 Integrate assessment skills in practice. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and

quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 22.3. Outline the relationship between addiction and other concepts.

MNL LO: Analyze the concept of addiction and its application to nursing care.

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