NURSl 201l NURS201l Quizl 6l l Medicall

NURSl 201/l NURS201l Quizl 6l –l Medicall Surgicall Nursingl |l WCUl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A

Q:l Chronicl Kidneyl Diseasel (CKD)

Answer:

involvesl progressive,l irreversiblel lossl ofl kidneyl function.l -morel commonl thanl acutel kidneyl injuryl

RISKl FACTORS:

-aging,l population,l increasel ratel ofl obesity,l andl increasedl incidencel ofl diabetesl andl hypertension.l

MANIFESTATIONS:

-uremial -polyurial -BUNl increased:l nausea,l vomiting,l lethargic,l fatigue,l impairedl thoughtl processes,l andl headachesl -dyslipidemial -lowl densityl lipoproteins -highl densityl lipoproteinsl -hyperkalemial -highl sodiuml -metabolicl acidosisl -hypermagnesial -anemial -bleedingl -infectionl -myocardiall infarction -heartl diseasel -Kussmaull Breathingl -Stomatitis 1 / 4

-constipationl -depressedl -neuropathyl -CKDl minerall andl bonel disorderl -pruritusl -sexuall dysfunctionl -personalityl andl behaviorall changesl

DIAGNOSTICl -Persistentl proteinurial isl usuallyl thel firstl signl ofl kidneyl damagel -dipstickl evaluationl ofl proteinl inl thel urinel orl evaluationl forl albuminuria -Al kidneyl biopsyl mayl bel necessaryl tol providel al definitel diagnosisl -creatininel alonel poorlyl reflectsl kidneyl function -GFRl isl thel preferredl measurel tol determinel kidneyl function

DRUGl THERAPY:l

Hyperkalemia:l

-restrictingl highl potassiuml foodsl -Sodiuml Polystyrenel Sulfonate:l al cation-exchangel resin,l isl oftenl givenl tol lowerl potassiuml levelsl inl stagel 4l CKD.l -Patiromerl (Veltassa):l isl anl orall suspensionl thatl bindsl potassiuml inl thel GIl tractl

Hypertension:

-Weightl lossl -therapeuticl lifestylel changesl -dietl recommendationl -antihypertensivesl -ACEl inhibitorsl andl ARBsl arel givenl tol patientsl withl diabetesl andl thosel withl nol diabeticl proteinurial

Bonel Disease:

-Phosphatel bindersl includel calciuml basedl binders,l calciuml acetate,l andl calciuml carbonatel -Theyl bindl phosphatel inl thel bowell andl thenl excretel itl inl thel stool.l -whenl calciuml levelsl arel increasedl orl therel isl evidencel ofl existingl vascularl Calciuml Basedl -Lanthanuml Carbonate -Sevelamerl Carbonatel Calciuml fr

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Q:l endl stagel renall disease

Answer:

-occursl whenl thel GFRl isl lessl thanl 15l mLl al minute -atl thisl pointl RRTl isl requiredl tol maintainl life

Q:l peritoneall dialysisl (PD)

Answer:

Thel removall ofl wastes,l electrolytesl andl fluidsl froml thel bodyl usingl peritoneuml asl dialysisl membrane -peritoneall membranel actsl asl thel semipermeablel membranel

CATHETERl PLACEMENTl -insertingl al catheterl throughl thel anteriorl abdominall walll -withinl al fewl weeks,l fibrousl tissuel growsl intol thel Dacronl cuff,l holdingl thel catheterl inl placel andl preventingl bacteriall penetrationl intol thel pericardiall cavity.

BEFORE:l

-emptyingl bladderl andl bowell -weighingl thel patientl -obtainl consentl -somel washl withl soupl andl waterl andl withoutl dressingl andl somel needl dressingl changesl -showerl overl bathingl -maintainl asepticl techniquel

HOWl ITl ISl PREFORMED:

-3l phasesl ofl PDl arel 1)l inflowl 2)l dwelll 3)l drainl INFLOW:l prescribedl amountl ofl solution,l usuallyl 2l L,l isl infusedl throughl anl establishedl catheterl overl aboutl 10l min.l DWELL:l whichl diffusionl andl osmosisl occurl betweenl thel patientsl bloodl andl peritoneall cavityl DRAIN:l takesl aboutl 15-30l minl andl thenl startsl againl withl thel infusionl ofl anotherl 2l Ll ofl solutionl

ULTRAFILTRATION:l

-dextrosel isl thel mostl commonlyl usedl osmoticl agentl inl thel PDl solution

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Q:l Automatedl peritoneall dialysisl (APD)

Answer:

mayl bel usedl inl thel acutel carel setting,l thel outpatientl dialysisl centerl orl thel patient'sl home.l Itl usesl al cyclingl machinel forl dialysatel inflow,l dwell,l andl outflowl accordingl tol presentl timesl andl volumes.-mostl popularl forml ofl PDl becausel itl allowsl patientsl tol dol dialysisl whilel theyl sleepl -Thel machinel cyclesl fourl orl morel exchangesl perl nightl withl 1l tol 2l hoursl perl exchange

Q:l continuousl ambulatoryl peritoneall dialysis

Answer:

-donel everyl fewl hoursl duringl thel day -Thel personl instillsl 2l tol 3l Ll ofl dialysatel froml al plasticl bagl intol thel peritoneall cavityl throughl disposablel administrationl line

Q:l Complicationsl ofl Peritoneall Dialysis

Answer:

-Majorl complicationl isl infectionl (peritonitis)l -Constantl sweetl tastel (dialysatel hasl sugar) -Mayl getl al hernia -Alteredl bodyl image/sexuality -Anorexia -Lowl backl pain -bleedingl -atelectasisl -pneumonial -bronchitisl -proteinl loss

Q:l hemodialysisl (HD)

Answer:

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