PC 707 FINAL SAFETY EXAM VERIFIED ACTUAL

PC 707 FINAL SAFETY EXAM VERIFIED ACTUAL /

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+

Hepatic First Pass In drug metabolism - ----Answers---- when the concentration of drug is greatly reduce before it reaches systemic circulation.This is related to drugs that are orally administered.

Half Life - ----Answers----The time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value. Should a drug's half-life be very short, it would mean that the dosage would be given more frequently, to keep the levels in the body up and have a consistent therapeutic effect.If the drug is dosed at an intermittent dosing interval equal to this single half life, a predictable pattern of fluctuation and accumulation at chronic multiple dosing occurs, where the plasma concentration can be expected to fall in half during each dosing interval (fluctuation), and the multiple dosing steady-state levels of drug at any time during the dosing interval will be twice the levels of drug at that same time following the first dose (accumulation).

Therapeutic Index - ----Answers----The margin of safety that exists between the dose needed for the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side- effects. In general, the narrower this margin, the more likely it is that the drug will produce unwanted effects.

• / 2

Maximal efficacy - ----Answers----The maximum effect that a drug can produce regardless of dose.

Potency - ----Answers----the amount of agonist needed to elicit a desired response. Think of overdose- carfentanil (elephant tranquillizer) it is 100 Xs as potent as the same amount of fentanyl, 5,000 times as potent as heroin, and 10,000 times as potent as morphine.

QT Prolongation - ----Answers----‣ life threatening syndrome marked by a prolonged QT interval with episodes of electrocardiographic torsades de pointes.‣ condition may be acquired as a result of drug administration.‣ Usually caused by a combination of drugs that prolong Qt- so check interactions.‣ Additional risk include low K, low magnesium and bradycardia.

Beers List - ----Answers----A list of medications that frequently cause side effects when administered to elderly patients. Among the medications on the list are those that cause prominent neuropsychiatric, renal, and anticholinergic side effects.It is important to know that these are guidelines and not prescribing protocols. In other words, these are both good tools to use to help you identify red flags and to identify necessary monitoring but they are not the final word on

• / 2