PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM

PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM

2 ACTUAL FINAL LATEST UPDATE -

WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED

CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+ |

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EXAM!!

What is an enzyme? - ANSWER-Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change

What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER--The process in which the Sun's energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).-Carbon dioxide and water are added -Sugar and oxygen are produced

What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.

What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

What is glycolysis? - ANSWER-"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP. 1 / 4

What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).

What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER-Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons, down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.

What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER-Process by which cells divide to form new cells

Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distributing to 2 daughter cells

How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER-46 (23 pairs)

What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER-Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can form a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2

What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER-Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one gene usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)

What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER-during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent 2 / 4

What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER-Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

Characteristics of living things - ANSWER-1. levels of organization

• ability to acquire food for energy
• maintain an internal environment
• respond to stimuli
• reproduce and develop
• ability to adapt and evolve
• contain cells

Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER-atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

How are organisms classified? - ANSWER-on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness

What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - ANSWER-Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias Its goal is for research to be conducted in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner.The best way to discover how and why the world works

What is matter? - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space

What is an atom? - ANSWER-smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid 3 / 4

What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER-Nucleus in the center that contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)

What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER-A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another Atom

What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER-Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer shell

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? - ANSWER-Carries information coding for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes of the cell

What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? - ANSWER-Caries the required amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein synthesis. Helps to arrange the amino acids into the proper sequence for the synthesis of proteins

What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? - ANSWER-RNA that becomes part of ribosomes (the main component of ribosomes) and catalyzes the bonding of amino acids

What is a prokaryotic cell and what is the structure? - ANSWER-No true nucleus as the DNA is coiled up in the region of the cytoplasm called the nucleotide

Capsule: outer covering that protects the cell

Cell Wall: Outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape

Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance composed of mainly of water

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