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PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers 100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
➢ Questions and Answers ➢ 100% Guarantee Pass ➢ Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.➢ Each Question Includes The Correct Answer ➢ Expert-Verified explanation
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### 1. Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates differentiation of red blood cells within the bone marrow?
- Thrombopoietin
- Erythropoietin
- Renin
- Calcitonin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Explanation:
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, and it stimulates the bone marrow to increase production and differentiation of red blood cells, maintaining adequate oxygen delivery.
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### 2. True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through the gastrointestinal tract in one direction only—from the mouth toward the anus. This unidirectional movement ensures efficient propulsion of contents. 2 / 4
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### 3. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48- year-old female. Her hemoglobin level is 7 g/dL. Would that be considered a normal or abnormal value?
- Normal
- Abnormal
Answer: B) Abnormal
Explanation:
Normal hemoglobin levels for adult females generally range from 12 to 16 g/dL. A level of 7 g/dL is critically low, indicating anemia which could result in fatigue, weakness, and insufficient oxygen carrying capacity.
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### 4. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37- year-old female. Her hemoglobin level is 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
- Normal
- Abnormal
Answer: A) Normal 3 / 4
Explanation:
A hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL is within the normal range for adult females (12–16 g/dL), indicating no apparent anemia or other hemoglobin-related disorder.
--- ### 5. Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well checkup and keeping up with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an
example of:
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
- Quaternary prevention
Answer: A) Primary prevention
Explanation:
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. This includes vaccination programs, regular checkups, and health education.Taking a child for annual well visits and immunizations prevents onset of disease, which fits primary prevention.
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