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Powered by Cognero Page 1 Chapter_01_The_Cell__A_Microcosm_of_Life Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1.Most of the metabolic energy produced in cells is made in the mitochondria.

• True
• False

2.An increase in the concentration of a substrate will increase the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

• True
• False

3.Polysomes function to transcribe mRNA into proteins.

• True
• False

4.If two enzymes (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase) compete for the same substrate (pyruvate), the one with the higher Km has less affinity and will be more active when pyruvate concentrations are high.

• True
• False

5.Transcription of DNA cannot be altered.

• True
• False

6.The nuclear envelope is a single membrane structure that helps to isolate the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

• True
• False

7.The lipid bilayer determines the function of the plasma membrane, while the proteins are primarily responsible for the structure of the membrane.

• True
• False

8.When discussing enzyme kinetics, Km refers to the substrate concentration at which the enzyme is saturated and functioning at maximal velocity.

• True
• False

9.Peripheral proteins are involved in cell-cell recognition, whereas integral proteins function primarily as receptors/transporters.

• True
• False

10.The various components within a cell (e.g., mitochondria) are not “free-floating” in the cytosol, but rather, are held in place by the cytoskeleton.

• True
• False

Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, 7e Sareen Gropper, Jack Smith, Timothy Carr (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answers At The End Of Each Chapter 1 / 4

Name: Class: Date: Chapter_01_The_Cell__A_Microcosm_of_Life Powered by Cognero Page 2 11.Different cells express different proteins because they contain different sequences of DNA in the nucleus.

• True
• False

12.Oncosis results from cell injury and is associated with cellular swelling and swelling of the mitochondrial nucleus.

• True
• False

13.Allosteric regulation of enzymes is carried out by modulators, other proteins that bind to the enzyme to inhibit its activity.

• True
• False

14.Most cellular reactions are irreversible because the same enzyme that catalyzes the conversion cannot catalyze the reverse reaction.

• True
• False

15.The plasma membrane is a sheet-like structure composed solely of lipids.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

16.Most receptor proteins are most likely which type?

• peripheral proteins
• internal proteins
• integral proteins
• glycoproteins

17.MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that ____.

• enhance gene expression by activating mRNA expression
• silence gene expression by binding to mRNA to inhibit translation
• modify gene expression by replacing specific nucleotides in mRNA
• mediate DNA production in a reverse direction

18.All components of the electron transport chain are embedded in the ____.

• mitochondrial inner membrane
• mitochondrial outer membrane
• mitochondrial matrix
• cytoplasmic matrix

19.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is associated with ____.

• lipid synthesis 2 / 4

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• protein synthesis
• the calcium ion pump necessary for the contractile process
• ribosomes and cytochrome P450 enzymes

• In the cell structure, the ____ provides support and controls the movement of cell organelles.
• endoplasmic reticulum
• mitochondrion
• cytoskeleton
• matrix space

• What is released when nutrient molecules are oxidized?
• oxygen
• potential (or free) energy
• kinetic energy
• hydrogen

• The cell organelle responsible for the initiation and regulation of most cellular activity is the ____.
• cytoplast
• nucleus
• mitochondrion
• nucleolus

• What is the role of cholesterol in plasma membrane structure?
• to produce bile
• to regulate fluidity and permeability
• to reduce stability
• to produce hormones

• Which organelle is composed of an extensive network of membranous channels that connects the nuclear membrane,

the Golgi apparatus, and the plasma membrane?

• the lysosome
• the nucleolus
• the centrioles
• the endoplasmic reticulum

• Which are highly specialized membrane proteins that modify the cell's response to its environment?
• transport proteins
• enzymes
• receptors
• peroxisomes

• Elongation is the process by which ____.
• the mRNA strand is formed
• peptide bonds are formed between aligned amino acids after the amino acids are positioned 3 / 4

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• amino acids are activated by ATP at their carboxyl end
• activated amino acids are transferred to their specific tRNAs that contain the anticodon complementary to each

amino acid’s codon

• One trigger of apoptosis is ____.
• overexpression of Bcl-2
• inactivation of Casp-9
• swelling of the cell
• release of mitochondrial cytochrome c

• What is the major route for ATP production?
• oxidative phosphorylation
• hydrolysis
• peroxidation
• transformation

• Cyclic AMP activates which enzymes?
• protein kinases
• restriction endonucleases
• allosteric enzymes
• adenyl (adenylyl) cyclases

• Which organelle is capable of performing both fission and fusion?
• Golgi apparatus
• mitochondria
• rough endoplasmic reticulum
• nucleus

• Enzymes of metabolic pathways within the cytoplasmic matrix are often oriented so that the product of one enzyme is

released in close proximity to the next enzyme for which it is a substrate, to facilitate the velocity of the overall pathway.This arrangement includes enzymes of ____.

• beta-oxidation
• glycolysis
• ketone production
• the Krebs cycle

• In addition to the mitochondria, which organelle possesses an inner and outer membrane?
• lysosome
• lysosome
• Golgi apparatus
• nucleus

• Constitutive enzymes are ____.
• uninfluenced by external stimuli
• influenced by external stimuli
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