PSYC 355 Exam 2 Latest 2026-2027PSYC 355 Exam 2

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PSYC 355 Exam 2 Latest 2026-2027/PSYC 355 Exam 2 Preparation/PSYC 355 Exam 2 Practice Exam With Complete 100 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+|Brand New Version!!

How can one study intermodal perception in infants (e.g., integrating visual and tactile experience)? - ANSWER-the combining of information from two or more sensory systems

• very young infants link sight and sound, oral and visual, and visual and

tactile experience

let 4 week olds suck either smooth or knobby pacifier for 20 secs

• just by looking, look longer at one they had sucked on

• videos presented simultaneously, 4 month old seated in between them,

speaker right in front of them playing sounds that's consistent with one of the videos

• look more at face consistent with sounds

Explain the methods used to assess infant perception (i.e., habituation, preferential looking, eye-tracking) - ANSWER-HABITUATION 1 / 4

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• Repeatedly present infant with one stimulus until

response declines

• Then present a novel stimulus
• If the infant's response increases, researchers infer that the baby can

discriminate between the old and new stimuli

PREFERENTIAL LOOKING TECHNIQUE

• a method for studying visual attention in

infants that involves showing infants two patterns or two objects at a time to see if the infants have a preference for one over the other

• If an infant looks longer at one of the two

stimuli, the researcher can infer that the baby is able to discriminate between them and has a preference for one over the other.

• When a pattern of any sort—black and white stripes, newsprint, a

bull's-eye, a schematic face—was paired with a plain surface, the infants preferred (i.e., looked longer at) the pattern.

• can be used to assess visual acuity (sharpness of visual discrimination)

: infants who can see the difference between a simple pattern and a solid

gray field consistently prefer to look at the pattern 2 / 4

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• young infants prefer patterns with high visual contrast b/c they have

poor contrast sensitivity (the ability to detect differences in light and dark areas in a visual pattern) b/c immaturity of cones (the light- sensitive neurons that are highly concentrated in the fovea (the central region of the retina))

EYE-TRACKING

• literally tracking where eye is looking (head monitor or eye camera)
• newborns start visually scanning enviro right away, attracted to moving

stimuli

- young infants have restricted visual scanning : look mostly at outer

edges/contours even on complex objects

- line drawing of face : 1 month old looks at perimeter (chin, hairline)

where there is high contrast with background; 2 month old pays attention to overall shape and inner details, focuses on internal features of face

What do these methods tell us about infant perceptual abilities? - ANSWER-habituation tells us about discrimination and info processing abilities

• they can discriminate between two things, so they can do math?

Newborns are biologically prepared for sensory stimulation but the actual experiences infants have shape the development and refinement of those systems

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Explain how locomotion (or action generally) can organize other aspects of development. - ANSWER-- lot of variability and individ diffs in motor milestones

• walking depends on ability to integrate many systems
• maturation and experience both play a role in the development of

walking

• previous emphasis on neurological maturity
• current theories take a dynamic-systems approach (culture, motivation,

perceptual skills, etc)

culture determines what types of diapers (or none) babies wear : study

shows it effects walking

• action = organizer of perception

- perception does not equal understanding (ex. crossing cliffs: see one

gap is bigger or steeper, but may not understand one is more dangerous)

- scale errors : the attempt by a young

child to perform an action on a miniature object that is impossible due to the large discrepancy in the relative sizes of the child and the object

• infants limited to prereaching movements (clumsy

swiping movements by young infants

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