PUBH 6011 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM AND STUDY

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PUBH 6011 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM AND STUDY

GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A

GRADE RATED

PUBH 6011 FINAL EXAM A

What is an air purifying respirator? - ANSWER>>APR must use the nearby air ie disposable mask, half mask, face piece, gas mask (should never be used in low oxygen, highly hazardous or unknown environments)

What is a supplied air respirator? - ANSWER>>SAR comes with their own air supply ie airline respirator, self-contained breathing apparatus SCBA, emergency escape

What are the conditions for mold/mildew formation indoors? - ANSWER>>Wet building materials (carpet, drywall), temps between 68-90 degrees, relative humidity above 60%, no air movement

What are protective measures for noise? - ANSWER>>8 hour time weighted average is 85 dBA according to ACFIH, can use ear plugs or ear muffs, see if you can reduce noise at the source

What are protective measures for confined space entry? - ANSWER>>Workers in space must be tethered so they can be pulled out without another worker entering the confined space; two- way communication to ensure no slurring that indicates chemical hazard; before entering, air is sampled; air is brought in through fresh air ventilation 1 / 4

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What are protective measures for radiation? - ANSWER>>For penetrable radiation (gamma) you must decrease the time of exposure, increase distance from radioactive source, and increase shielding; alpha radiation only cause a problem when inhaled

What are protective measures for heat/cold stress? - ANSWER>>Checking Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WGBT) which takes humidity/solar radiation into account to determine a workers work/rest cycle

What are protective measures for mildew/mold? - ANSWER>>Keeping building humidity below 60% but not below 30%, keeping buildings dry and getting rid of building materials infected with mold/mildew

What are the 3 industries with the highest fatality rate? - ANSWER>>Construction, transportation/warehousing, agriculture/forestry/fishing/hunting

What are 3 control strategies for repetitive motion injuries? - ANSWER>>Reduce repetition (times/day), reduce force/weight, maintain near neutral position

What are the ethical impacts of poor occupational health programs in developing countries? - ANSWER>>Terrible working conditions, US industries going to countries with low costs, workers are often women and young, managers are men so gendered power dynamic What are the major functions of a cell? - ANSWER>>Provide structure and support, facilitate growth through mitosis, allow passive and active transport, produce energy, create metabolic reactions, aid in reproduction

What is a virus? - ANSWER>>A tiny, nonliving, particle that enters and reproduces inside a living cell becoming an intracellular parasite -- need a host for survival, killed by antivirals/vaccines

What is bacteria? - ANSWER>>Large prokaryotic cell (no nucleus), killed by antibiotics 2 / 4

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What is protein synthesis? - ANSWER>>the process of making proteins by using the information present in the DNA, carried by mRNA for DNA transcription and aids in tRNA translation

What is the function of DNA? - ANSWER>>Store, copy, and transmit genetic information

What is mRNA? - ANSWER>>Single stranded messenger that carries the genetic information copied from DNA in 3 base codes

What is tRNA? - ANSWER>>key to deciphering codes from mRNA, transfers amino acids to ribosomes

What are ribosomes? - ANSWER>>Made of ribosomal RNA and protein and found in cell cytoplasm which bind mRNA and tRNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins

What are mutagens? - ANSWER>>Pollutants in the environment that can enter the body and directly change your DNA sequence (i.e. chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause cancer)

What are gene-gene interactions? - ANSWER>>Occur when pollutants in the environment don't change DNA sequence but cause a chain reaction that affects the functioning of a gene that then affects the functioning of another gene

What is an example of a gene-gene interaction? - ANSWER>>When alcohol causes TACE gene not to produce its protein which then leads the MTHFR not producing its protein, which changes the blood folate level which may lead to depression

How does the environment alter transcription factors? - ANSWER>>Pollutants in the environment indirectly affect the DNA sequence by altering these complexes that are responsible for starting the process of using genes to make proteins for different body 3 / 4

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What is epigenetics? - ANSWER>>The study of how the environment affects the proteins that turns genes on/off (i.e. some cancer genes are turned on by environment and thus the genes cannot suppress tumor formation or repair DNA)

What is the role of microbiome in disease prevention? - ANSWER>>Gut microbiota is involved in basic human biological processes such as food digestion, immune system regulation, bacteria protection, and vitamin production; is linked to chronic disease; antibiotics can disrupt microbiota

What are the 3 mechanisms of epigenetics? - ANSWER>>DNA Methylation (suppressing or turning off gene expression), Histone modifications (DNA compacted into chromosomes tightly wraps around histones, DNA must be unwound and transcribed), Noncoating RNAs (regulate how genes are expressed)

What is a base pair substitution? - ANSWER>>Type of genetic mutation where microlesions change the genetic sequence either silent (change in base behavior, but still codes for same amino acid), nonsense (change in base pair leads to a stop codon), or missense (change in base pair leads to a different amino acid)

What is a conservative genetic mutation? - ANSWER>>When a new amino acid won't change the protein function or structure much

What is nonconservative genetic mutation? - ANSWER>>When a new amino acid will change the protein function and structure

What is frameshift mutation? - ANSWER>>Occurs when there is an insertion or deletion of at least one base pair (usually leading to a nonfunctional protein)

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