QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Exam

OP CHEM 2 TEST ACTUAL EXAM LATEST CORRECT

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADE A+

TESTED AND CONFIRMED A+ ANSWERS

P a g e 1 | 11

ie... Hydrogen-1 electron...n=1, l=0, ml=0

ie. Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

ie... Cr expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4

Which orbital is the electron in? - Correct answer l (L) value

which orientation is the electron in? - Correct answer m sub L value

n value - Correct answer use periodic table (period #)

L value - Correct answer what orbital its in (s, p, d, f)

m sub L value - Correct answer what orientation of the orbital is it in?---every electron in the atom has unique values for n, l, ml

Electron configurations show... - Correct answer which orbitals are in an atom and how the electrons fill the orbitals

Electron configurations focus on... - Correct answer ground state configuration (lowest energy state)-no electrons are jumping to new energy levels

how many possible electrons can fit into the s orbital? - Correct answer two electrons go into the s orbital

how many possible electrons can fit into the p orbital? - Correct answer six electrons go into the p orbital

how many possible electrons can fit into the d orbital? - Correct answer ten electrons go into the d orbital

how many possible electrons can fit into the f orbital? - Correct answer fourteen electrons go into the f orbital

period number - Correct answer the number on the left of the periodic table=n (principle energy level)-- for S and P block

for d block...(n-1)

for f block... (n-2)

Aufbau Principle - Correct answer defines pattern of orbital filling: fill from lowest to highest energy

configurations of transition metals - Correct answer ns filled before (n-1)d orbitals...

exceptions: extra stability when half filled or fully filled d orbital (only for transition metals and only atomic configuration-not ions)

Cr column and Cu column...

Cr actual: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

Cu expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9

levels...(n-1)d comes after (n)s because energy levels get closer as n increases.

P a g e 2 | 11

ie...Fe: (Ar) 4s2 3d6---Fe2+: (Ar) 4s0 3d 6 ie...Co 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7

ie... Si: (1s2 2s2 2p6) 3s2 3p2

ie.. S: 2*1 orbital: 2 electrons

Cu actual: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Electron configurations of ions - Correct answer metals and non metals: lose and gain electrons to have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas (stable)

main group: remove electrons in reverse order of filling ie... Ca: (Ar)4s2---Ca2+: (Ar)4s0=(Ar)

transition metals: remove electrons from the highest "n" value first ie... Co: (Ar)4s2 3d7---Co3+:(Ar)4s2 3d6

Valence electrons - Correct answer electrons that are important in chem. bonding... helps determine the properties of an atom

-total number of valence electrons is show n at the top of each column in the per. table

How to determine which electrons are valence - Correct answer main group: electrons in outermost (highest value of n) energy level are valence: ie... Si: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2

-3s2 and 3p2 are valence

transition metals/elements+ lanth and act: electrons in outermost energy level+outermost d or f electrons

Valence: 4s2 and 3d7

Core electrons - Correct answer non valence-non reactive

electrons in complete or filled energy levels

core electrons are in brackets and valence are not in brackets

M sub S - Correct answer electron spin quantum number: +1/2: arrow is up, -1/2: arrow is down

orbital diagrams - Correct answer show a pictoral view of how electrons fill up orbitals based on configuration

valence orbital diagrams: use condensed configurations and noble gas symbols to show which boxes are filled.

Pauli Exclusion Principle - Correct answer no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers (n,l,ml,ms)

-each orbital can have a maximum of only two electrons with opposite spins.

-the number of electrons in a sublevel is twice the number of orbitals If you need a professional to complete your college homework at a small fee, then reach out to amazingclasshelp.com

P: 2*3 electrons: 6 electrons d: 2*5 orbitals: 10 electrons

P a g e 3 | 11

ie.. N: electron config: 1s2 2s2 2p3 ie. Mg has 12 protons---Z=+12

ie.. S: 16-10=6

isoelectronic series of ions: same number of electrons: look at number of protons, whichever has more is f: 2*7 orbitals: 14 electrons

Hund's rule - Correct answer Bus rule: sit alone before sitting with a stranger

-when filling degenerate (same energy) orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins: all up or down arrows before pairing

1s and 2s are filled normally, but the 2p orbital has one arrow in each box instead of two arrows in the first box and one in the third box

• valence electrons... - Correct answer filled subshell--stability--noble gases (very unreactive)

-elements with one more or one less electron relative to a noble gas will be very reactive to get the stable state (halogens and alkali metals)

Nuclear Charge (Z) - Correct answer the charge of the nucleus (Z)--number of protons...

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) - Correct answer core electrons shield the nucleus so the charge felt by the valence electrons is decreased (cancels some of the positive charge from the nucleus)

-Zeff=Z-S

Z= number of protons S=number of electrons shielding the nucleus-(Core electrons)

-important in periodic trends: Zeff increases from left to right across the periodic table and effects the properties of element--increased Zeff is more pull from the nucleus--easier to pull all together

Atomic Radii - Correct answer atomic radius decreases across a period (higher toward left and bottom of periodic table) -add electrons to the same valence shell -increasing attraction between nucleus and the electrons (higher Zeff)=more pull from the nucleus--atoms have smaller radii/size

-transition metals: increase down groups, but approximately unchanged across the d-block (similar Zeff values)

Ionic Radii - Correct answer similar to atomic, but charge must be considered

-cation: fewer electrons than protons, smaller than parent atom

-anion: more electrons than protons, size larger than parent; more electrons repelling each other from the nucleus If you need a professional to complete your college homework at a small fee, then reach out to Homeworkanalyzers.com

-increases down a group (higher valence shell)

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