QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

VNSG 1423 Exam UPDATED ACTUAL

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Microorganisms/Microbes - CORRECT ANSWER Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

Pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER organisms that cause disease

flora and fauna - CORRECT ANSWER Tiny plants and animals normally found in the human body

Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER One-celled microorganisms found virtually anywhere.Some are harmful; some are harmless.

Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in order to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the process releasing new particles to infect other cells.

TREATED WITH ANTI VIRAL MEDICATION

Rickettsia - CORRECT ANSWER a kind of microorganism that is between a virus and a bacterium; parasitic within the cells of insects and ticks

Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER one-celled organisms that live in water. can be ingested by humans through water or food. can cause intestinal illnesses.

TREATED W/ ANTI-INFECTIVES SPECIFIC FOR CAUSATIVE PROTOZOAN

Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER made up of one or more cells. not all fungi require microscope to be seen/ cause illness when the enter cracks in skin.

FUNGAL INFECTION TREATED W/ ANTIVIRAL MEDICATION

Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans.

TREATED WITH ANTHELMINTICS/ANTIHELMINTHS

Vector - CORRECT ANSWER spread through the bites of insects, ticks, and mites

Staphylococcus aureus (BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE :

Boils, toxic shock syndrome, osteomyelitis, and MRSA, which is a significant nosocomial infection--both HA and CA forms

TREATMENT: 1 / 3

Antibiotics, although most strains are not killed by penicillin; HA-MRSA is resistant to many antibiotics and is treated with selected IV antibiotics

Streptococcus group A (gram-positive coccus)

(BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

Strep throat, ear infections, scarlet fever, and endocarditis; can lead to rheumatic fever, heart valve damage, transient kidney damage "Flesh-eating strep" is a rare strain causing necrotizing fasciitis that can lead to death

TREATMENT:

Antibiotics

Streptococcus group B (gram-positive coccus)

(BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

Neonatal infections, especially in premature births, causing pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia in newborns

TREATMENT:

IV antibiotics

Clostridium perfringens (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT

ANSWER DISEASE:

Gas gangrene in contaminated wounds—spores live in dead tissue and produce toxins that destroy more tissue, so bacteria spreads; gas forms bubbles in the dead tissue

TREATMENT:

Amputation of affected limb

Clostridium difficile (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT

ANSWER DISEASE:

Severe diarrhea; often develops with antibiotic therapy and is called pseudomembranous enterocolitis; this is a significant nosocomial pathogen

TREATMENT:

Few antibiotics are used to treat this; vancomycin and metronidazole are two used often

Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:Normally found in the colon but can cause infection if it enters the urinary tract or other parts of the body; common cause of nosocomial infections

TREATMENT:

Antibiotics

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Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT

ANSWER DISEASE:

Infection of colon causing bloody diarrhea and kidney failure, known as hemolytic uremic "syndrome"; can be fatal; often results from consuming undercooked ground meat

TREATMENT:

Antibiotics, dialysis for kidney failure

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacillus) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT

ANSWER DISEASE:

Tuberculosis that destroys lung tissue, leaving large cavities; drug-resistant strains are becoming more common

TREATMENT:

Antituberculosis medications

Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

Lyme disease; spirochete transmitted by deer tick to human, causing flu-like symptoms, irregular heartbeat, and possible arthritis

TREATMENT:

Antibiotics

Rickettsia rickettsii (bacillus) (BACTERIA) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever spread by ticks; causes high fever, rash, and pneumonia and can lead to death

TREATMENT:

Antibiotics

Herpes simplex

Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) (VIRUSES) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

Type 1 causes fever blisters; type 2 causes genital herpes Chickenpox is contracted first, and then the virus lies dormant in nerve endings; if reactivated in adults, it causes shingles that results in painful blisters along nerve pathways

TREATMENT:

Antivirals such as acyclovir

Antiviral: acyclovir

Influenza (VIRUSES) - CORRECT ANSWER DISEASE:

"Flu" symptoms—aching muscles, fever, respiratory congestion, cough

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